Fig 1.
Changes in pain scores and analgesic consumption for 48 hours after robotic thyroidectomy.
A: Postoperative pain is quantified by 11-point (0–11) numeric rating scale. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (symbol and error bar). B: The number of patients requiring analgesic for each hour is divided by the total number of patients. Data are expressed as incidence (%).
Table 1.
Basic characteristics (n = 635).
Table 2.
Predictors of postoperative treatment-requiring pain in robotic thyroid surgery patients anesthetized with total intravenous anesthesia.
Fig 2.
Changes in pain scores, analgesic consumption, and incidence of treatment-requiring pain in two remifentanil groups for 48 hours after robotic thyroidectomy.
Postoperative pain was quantified by 11-point (0–11) numeric rating scale. Treatment-requiring pain was defined when numeric rating scale of the pain is greater than 4. A, B and C: Two remifentanil categories are not easily distinguishable in terms of pain scores, analgesic use and treatment-requiring pain incidence. D: Time dependent Cox proportional hazards regression analysis identified that the risk of treatment-requiring pain was 1.3 times higher in the high-dose remifentanil group than in the low-dose group after adjusting for analgesic consumption and its interaction with time.
Table 3.
Characteristics of remifentanil infusion rate groups.
Table 4.
Studies on remifentanil-associated pain after total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil.