Fig 1.
Flow chart of study participants.
Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to the change in fatty liver status over the follow-up period.
Table 2.
Comparisons between Four Groups according to Initial Spirometric values in smoke-exposed subjects without NAFLD at baseline.
Table 3.
Comparisons between Four Groups according to Initial Spirometric values in never smokers without NAFLD at baseline.
Table 4.
Development of non-alcoholic fatty liver by quartiles of baseline spirometry values in smoke-exposed and never-smoker subjects.
Fig 2.
Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for incident nonalcoholic fatty liver disease according to quartile of lung function.
Smoke-exposed subjects (A,C) and never smokers (B,D) were dived into quartiles according to baseline precentage of predcited values (% predicted) for FEV1 or FVC. Rregardless of smoking status, adjusted hazard ratios for incident NAFLD increased with decreasing quartiles of FEV1 (%) (A,B) and FVC (%) (C,D) in a dose-response manner (p for trend<0.001). The reference values was set at the highest quartile of FEV1(%) and FVC(%). Models was adjusted for potential covariates and metabolic laboratory markers including age, sex, BMI, alcohol intake, smoking, exercise, education level, center, year of test. aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1s; FVC, forced vital capacity; NAFLD, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.