Fig 1.
InVent: intubation with tracheal ventilation for 1 h or more. InSurE: intubation with surfactant administration and tracheal ventilation for less than 1 h. LISA: less invasive surfactant administration of surfactant. nCPAP: no surfactant administration during the first 2 hours of neonatal care.
Table 1.
Demographic and clinical data of the overall population.
Fig 2.
Evolution of ventilation strategies after LISA deployment.
Ventilation strategies used in the delivery room according to GA at birth for the overall population before and after LISA deployment. Ventilation strategies used in the delivery room according to GA at birth for the group of preterm infants who were not intubated at 10 min postnatal age before and after LISA deployment.
Fig 3.
Analysis of successive 4-month periods through quality-control charts in the overall population.
Analysis of the trend for GA at birth (A), z-Score of the birth weight (B), the proportion of LISA (C), the rate of intubation at 10 minutes of life (D), the duration of first tracheal ventilation (E) and the proportion of tracheal ventilation on day 3 (F). Violated runs according to Shewhart rules are indicated by the red (large shift above 3 SD) and orange (small sustained shift) dots, indicating a significant change in the trend of the process. UCL and LCL designate the upper and lower control limits. Graphics A, B and E were EWMA-charts and graphics C, D and F were u-charts. The (+) in Fig 3A, 3B and 3E- refer respectively to the gestational age, birth weight z-Score and duration of first tracheal ventilation averages for each successive 4-month periods. The (●) in Fig 3A, 3B and 3E- refer to the moving average of series of data with weights, which decay exponentially.
Fig 4.
Changes in rate of death and BPD in spontaneously breathing infants at min 10 through quality-control charts.
Rate of all BPD (A), death or BPD all grades (B), grade II/III BPD (C), death or grade II/III BPD (D), grade III BPD (E), and death or grade III BPD (F), for each of successive 4-month periods.
Table 2.
Data from the antenatal period after matching with propensity score.
Table 3.
Primary outcome after matching with propensity score.
Table 4.
Other respiratory outcomes after matching with propensity score.
Table 5.
Secondary outcomes after matching with the propensity score.