Table 1.
Serum 25OHD concentrations in participants of South Asian and European descent by sex and age, both seasons combined1.
Table 2.
Percentages of participants of South Asian and European ancestry with 25OHD values falling below IOM cut points and below 50 nmol/L by sex and season1.
Table 3.
Magnitude of factors related to serum 25OHD values derived by regression1.
Fig 1.
LSE serum 25OHD values with 95% confidence intervals as a function of ethnic background (A), vitamin D supplement consumption (B), and season (C) by age group. Panel A: values are for Europeans (open) or South Asians (filled). Panel B: those not consuming supplements (open) or supplement consumers (filled). Panel C: spring (open) or fall (filled). Superscripts (a,b,c,y,z) denote significant differences (P<0.05) when compared to other age ranges within South Asian (y, z) or European (a, b, c) ethnic groups. *Different from value for corresponding ethnic group (panel A), supplement status (panel B) or season (panel C; P<0.05).
Fig 2.
Relationship between serum 25OHD and BMI as a function of age and ethnic background.
Solid line represents the relationship obtained from the regression model with 95% confidence limits (shaded area). Panels A (N = 173, age range 20-39y), B (N = 284, age range 40-59y) and C (N = 125, age range 60-79y) represent data from participants of South Asian descent. Panels D (N = 233, age range 20-39y), E (N = 271, age range 40-59y), and F (N = 147, age range 60-79y) represent data from participants of European descent.
Fig 3.
LSE serum 25OHD values as a function of season, ethnic background and consumption of vitamin D containing supplements (Yes/No).
Values represent mean ± standard error. Open symbols represent participants of European descent and filled symbols represent those of South Asian descent. Triangles represent participants consuming supplements while circles represent participants who did not consume supplement. Symbols with different superscripts differ significantly (P<0.05). The number of participants in each category is indicated below the symbol in parentheses.
Fig 4.
Serum 25OHD values as a function of skin color for participants of South Asian (Panel A) and European (Panel B) ancestry. The x axis shows skin color classifications corresponding to Individual topology Angles calculated for each individual [21]: D (dark), B (brown), I (intermediate), T (tanned), L (light), and VL (very light). The straight line represents the least squares regression relationship between serum 25OHD values and skin color obtained from the PROC MIXED model (left axis). The shaded area represents the 95% confidence limits. The bars represent the number of participants falling within the indicated skin color range (right axis).