Fig 1.
Geographic location of the Colombia and the Magdalena River in South America and the 12 sampling locations (in bold) in the departments of Tolima and Huila.
Maps created with the QGis open source software [20], map data is available from https://geoportal.dane.gov.co/v2/?page=elementoDescargaMGN [21] and https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=d3d2bae5413845b193d038e4912d3da9 [22].
Table 1.
Y-chromosome haplogroup frequencies in the Tolima and Huila departments.
The number of chromosomes per haplogroup is shown in parentheses (n).
Table 2.
Diversity statistics per haplogroup in the Tolima and Huila region.
Fig 2.
Median-joining network of haplotype Q1a2-M3 in 14 samples from Latin American population based on 15 STR markers.
In the figure, the circles represent haplotypes, with areas proportional to their frequencies, and the colors indicate the original population. The median vectors (absent or extinct haplotypes) are shown in white.
Fig 3.
Median-joining network of haplogroup Q-M242*(xM3) using seven STRs (DYS19, DYS389 I and II-I, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, and DYS393) to compare 17 Asian and American populations.
The circles represent haplotypes, with areas proportional to their frequencies, while the colors indicate the population. The median vectors (absent or extinct haplotypes) are shown in white.
Fig 4.
Median-joining network of 25 Q-M242*-(xM3)-DYS391*6 South American Y-chromosomes using 15 loci STR.
The circles represent haplotypes, with areas proportional to their frequencies; the numbers of haplotypes in each node are given in the figure mutation positions are shown; and the colors indicate the population of origin. Coyaima-a* represents the data reported by Jota et al. [30]. Coyaima-b* represents the data reported by to Franco-Candela and Barreto [28]. The median vectors (absent or extinct haplotypes) are shown in white.
Fig 5.
Principal component analysis for 32 Colombian populations using the haplogroup frequencies of Q-M242*(xM3), Q1a2-M3, P*-92R7(xM167), J-12f2a(xM9), DE*-YAP(xM2), and E1b1a-(M2).
A total of 66.46% of the observed variance is explained by the first two axes represented in this figure.