Fig 1.
Picture of Azolla pinnata plant from the field.
The Ventral view of phyllotaxis from Azolla pinnata plant.
Fig 2.
Chromatogram for GC-MS analysis of methanol extract using soxhlet extraction method for A. Pinnata (ACQUISITION PARAMETERS; BPX5capillary column 30 m×0.25 mm inner diameter, ×0.25 μm film thickness, the oven temperature was programmed from 80°C (hold for 2 min) to 280°C at a rate of 3°C/min Carrier Gas = He).
Table 1.
Soxhlet extracted chemical compounds for Azolla Pinnata.
Fig 3.
Chromatogram for GC-MS analysis of methanol extract using maceration extraction method for A. Pinnata (ACQUISITION PARAMETERS; BPX5 capillary column 30 m×0.25 mm inner diameter, ×0.25 μm film thickness, the oven temperature was programmed from 80°C (hold for 2 min) to 280°C at a rate of 3°C/min Carrier Gas = He).
Table 2.
Maceration extracted chemical compound for Azolla Pinnata.
Fig 4.
Comparison of Aedes aegypti larvae mortality rate between soxhlet and maceration for various Azolla pinnata extract concentrations.
Fig 5.
Comparison of Aedes albopictus larvae mortality rate between soxhlet and maceration for various Azolla pinnata extract concentrations.
Fig 6.
Guppy fish, Poecilia reticulata toxicity test with Azolla pinnata extracts.
Table 3.
Larvicidal activity of Azolla pinnata extracts against early 4th instar larvae of Ae. Aegypti.
Table 4.
Larvicidal activity of Azolla pinnata extracts against early 4th instar larvae of Ae. Albopictus.
Fig 7.
Morphological midgut content induced by Azolla pinnata plant extract from soxhlet extraction method in larvae of Ae. Aegypti.
(A) Control test for midgut content view in early 4th instar larvae of Ae. Aegypti (B) A. pinnata crude extract for midgut content view in larvae of Ae. Aegypti Note: Arrows indicating the plant extracts (greenish colour), GC: gut content (after 24hours).
Fig 8.
Morphological midgut content induced by Azolla pinnata plant extract from maceration extraction method in larvae of Ae. Aegypti.
(A) Control test for midgut content view in early 4th instar larvae of Ae. Aegypti (B) A. pinnata crude extract for midgut content view in larvae of Ae. Aegypti Note: Arrows indicating the plant extracts (greenish color), GC: gut content (after 24hours).
Fig 9.
Morphological midgut content induced by Azolla pinnata plant extract from maceration and soxhlet extraction method in larvae of Ae. Albopictus.
(A) Control test for midgut content view in early 4th instar larvae of Ae. Albopictus (B) A. pinnata crude extract for midgut content view in larvae of Ae. Albopictus Note: Arrows indicating the plant extracts (greenish color), GC: gut content (after 24hours).