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Fig 1.

Proposed encryption algorithm.

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Fig 1 Expand

Table 1.

Key matrices for image encryption by using rotation and spinning operators.

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Table 1 Expand

Table 2.

NIST test results for encrypted image.

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Table 2 Expand

Fig 2.

Plain and encrypted layer wise images of Lena.

(a) plain Lena image. (b) Red component. (c) Green component. (d) Blue component. (e) Encrypted Lena image. (f) Encrypted Red component. (g) Encrypted Green component. (h) Encrypted Blue component.

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Fig 2 Expand

Fig 3.

Plain and encrypted layer wise images of Fruits.

(a) plain Fruit image. (b) Red component. (c) Green component. (d) Blue component. (e) Encrypted Fruit image. (f) Encrypted Red component. (g) Encrypted Green component. (h) Encrypted Blue component.

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Fig 3 Expand

Fig 4.

Plain and encrypted layer wise images of Parrot.

(a) plain Parrot image. (b) Red component. (c) Green component. (d) Blue component. (e) Encrypted Parrot image. (f) Encrypted Red component. (g) Encrypted Green component. (h) Encrypted Blue component.

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Fig 4 Expand

Fig 5.

Histograms of Lena image of size 512×512.

(a) plain image histogram. (b) Red component histogram. (c) Green component histogram. (d) Blue component histogram. (e) Encrypted image histogram (f) Encrypted Red component histogram. (g) Encrypted Green component histogram (h) Encrypted Blue component histogram.

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Fig 5 Expand

Fig 6.

Histograms of Fruits image of size 512×512.

(a) plain image histogram. (b) Red component histogram. (c) Green component histogram. (d) Blue component histogram. (e) Encrypted image histogram (f) Encrypted Red component histogram. (g) Encrypted Green component histogram (h) Encrypted Blue component histogram.

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Fig 6 Expand

Fig 7.

Histograms of Parrot image of size 512×512.

(a) plain image histogram. (b) Red component histogram. (c) Green component histogram. (d) Blue component histogram. (e) Encrypted image histogram (f) Encrypted Red component histogram. (g) Encrypted Green component histogram (h) Encrypted Blue component histogram.

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Fig 7 Expand

Fig 8.

Correlation coefficient between pixel pairs for original and encrypted Lena image.

(a) Plain Lena image. (b) Horizontal correlation. (c) Vertical correlation. (d) Diagonal correlation. (e) Encrypted Lena image. (f) Encrypted Horizontal correlation. (g) Encrypted Vertical correlation. (h) Encrypted Diagonal correlation.

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Fig 8 Expand

Fig 9.

Correlation coefficient between pixel pairs for original and encrypted Fruit image.

(a) Plain Fruit image. (b) Horizontal correlation. (c) Vertical correlation. (d) Diagonal correlation. (e) Encrypted Fruit image. (f) Encrypted Horizontal correlation. (g) Encrypted Vertical correlation. (h) Encrypted Diagonal correlation.

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Fig 9 Expand

Fig 10.

Correlation coefficient between pixel pairs for original and encrypted Parrot image.

(a) Plain Parrot image. (b) Horizontal correlation. (c) Vertical correlation. (d) Diagonal correlation. (e) Encrypted Parrot image. (f) Encrypted Horizontal correlation. (g) Encrypted Vertical correlation. (h) Encrypted Diagonal correlation.

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Fig 10 Expand

Table 3.

Correlation coefficients of plain and cipher images.

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Table 3 Expand

Table 4.

Comparison of the correlation coefficient of proposed scheme with recent techniques using Lena image.

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Table 4 Expand

Table 5.

Pixel difference based measures of proposed encryption scheme.

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Table 5 Expand

Fig 11.

Three dimensional color intensity histograms of Lena image of size 512×512.

(a) 3D plain image histogram. (b) Red component histogram in 3D. (c) Green component histogram in 3D. (d) Blue component histogram in 3D). (e) 3D Encrypted image histogram. (f) Encrypted Red component histogram in 3D. (g) Encrypted Green component histogram in 3D. (h). Encrypted Blue component histogram in 3D.

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Fig 11 Expand

Fig 12.

Three dimensional color intensity histograms of Fruit image of size 512×512.

(a) 3D plain image histogram. (b) Red component histogram in 3D. (c) Green component histogram in 3D. (d) Blue component histogram in 3D). (e) 3D Encrypted image histogram. (f) Encrypted Red component histogram in 3D. (g) Encrypted Green component histogram in 3D. (h). Encrypted Blue component histogram in 3D.

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Fig 12 Expand

Fig 13.

Three dimensional color intensity histograms of Parrot image of size 512×512.

(a) 3D plain image histogram. (b) Red component histogram in 3D. (c) Green component histogram in 3D. (d) Blue component histogram in 3D). (e) 3D Encrypted image histogram. (f) Encrypted Red component histogram in 3D. (g) Encrypted Green component histogram in 3D. (h). Encrypted Blue component histogram in 3D.

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Fig 13 Expand

Table 6.

Information entropies of original and encrypted images.

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Table 6 Expand

Table 7.

Comparison results for information entropies of Lena image of size 512×512.

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Table 7 Expand

Table 8.

The estimate of sensitivity analysis of proposed image encryption scheme.

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Table 8 Expand

Table 9.

The assessment of sensitivity analysis for color components.

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Table 9 Expand

Table 10.

Comparison of differential attacks analysis for standard Lena image of size 512×512.

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Table 10 Expand