Fig 1.
Flowchart of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induction of colitis in mice.
Table 1.
Disease activity index (DAI) scoring of DSS-induced colitis.
Fig 2.
Cell viability of RAW 264.7 macrophage after treatment with EC extract for 24 h.
Data are shown as the mean ± S.D. (n = 5). Different letters (a-b) indicate statistical significance (P<0.05) as determined by Duncan’s multiple range test.
Fig 3.
Effect of EC extract on (a) weight loss and (b) disease activity index in DSS-treated mice during and after 7 days of treatment.
Data are shown as the mean ± S.D. (n = 8). Letters indicate statistical significance (P<0.05) as analyzed by Duncan’s multiple range test.
Fig 4.
Effects of EC extract treatment on colon health after 7 days of treatment: (a) colon length, (b) colon weight/length ratio, (c) splenic weight, (d) representative colons for each group.
Data are shown as the mean ± S.D. (n = 8). Letters indicate statistical significance (P<0.05) as analyzed by Duncan’s multiple range test.
Fig 5.
Effects of EC extract on inflammatory cytokine expression in serum after 7 days of treatment: (a) TNF-α, (b) IL-6, and (c) IL-1β.
Data are shown as the mean ± S.D. (n = 8). Letters indicate statistical significance (P<0.05) as analyzed by Duncan’s multiple range test.
Fig 6.
Effects of EC extract on inflammatory cytokine expression in colon tissue after 7 days of treatment: (a) IL-1β and (b) IL-10.
Data are shown as the mean ± S.D. (n = 8). Letters indicate statistical significance (P<0.05) as analyzed by Duncan’s multiple range test.
Fig 7.
Representative colonic tissue histopathology for each group after 7 days of treatment.