Fig 1.
Location of 171 survey sites and distribution of modelled habitat used to target surveys in forests.
Table 1.
Harvest treatments surveyed with acoustic recorders for koalas and number of replicate sites.
Heavy harvests were defined as compartments treated by ‘heavy single tree selection’ or where more than 80 m3 per ha of timber were removed in an operation. Koala high-use areas were previously identified based on scat accumulations and resulted in patches (mean = 4 ha) being excluded from harvesting. All treatments were based on GIS mapped layers and field assessment. See S1 Table for treatment attributes.
Table 2.
Description of covariates used to model variation in ρ (detectability) and ψ (occupancy).
Table 3.
The top models (delta AIC < 2) fitted for ρ (detection probability) for koalas using songmeters to detect koala bellows.
Fig 2.
The relationship between modelled values of ρ (detection probability) for koalas and (A) minimum nightly temperature (when year is held constant) and (B) year (when minimum nightly temperature is held at its mean for each respective year).
Table 4.
The top models (delta AIC < 2) fitted for probability of koala ψ (occupancy).
Fig 3.
The relationship between modelled probability of occupancy for koalas and (A) elevation (quadratic), (B) NDVI (quadratic), (C) Important browse tree cover and (D) Wildfire extent in last 10 years. Other supported co-variates are held at their mean when displaying individual relationships. Grey areas indicate ±95% CLs.
Fig 4.
Wafer plot illustrating the interactive relationship on probability of occupancy for koalas for (A) Elevation by feed tree cover and (B) Elevation by NDVI while holding other supported covariates at their mean.
Fig 5.
Canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP) illustrating site associations with environmental vectors (NDVI2, DEM2, common, ‘other’ important feed trees and non-browse species in study sites.
Sites are grouped by conditional occupancy values (open circle = site occupied by koalas, closed circle = site with low likelihood (5–25%) of occurrence, and open triangle = site where koalas were likely absent (<5% probability of occurrence)). sal = Eucalyptus saligna, tor = Allocasuarina torulosa, gra = Eucalyptus grandis, mic = Eucalyptus microcorys, pil = Eucalyptus pilularis, GG = grey gum, IB = ironbark, SG = spotted gum, nob = Eucalyptus nobilis, obl = Eucalyptus obliqua, cam = Eucalyptus campanulata.