Fig 1.
Movement of the body and appendages (indicated by arrows) used for four types of vibration behavior.
(A) Scraping. (B) Foreleg taps. (C) Palpal taps. (D) Tremulation. (Photographed and illustrated by A. Shimizu.).
Fig 2.
(A) Photographic and sound-recording apparatus; (B) container used for recording scraping, foreleg taps, palpal taps and tremulation behaviors, seen from bottom; (C) photographic and sound-recording apparatus; (D) container used for recording scraping and digging behaviors, seen from above. 1, Container used for recording scraping, foreleg taps, palpal taps and tremulation behaviors; 2, video camera; 3, mini-microphone; 4, adaptor for microphone; 5, test individual; 6, neighbor; 7, container used for recording scraping and digging behaviors; 8, insect microphone; 9, amplifier for insect microphone; 10, soil floor. (Photographed and illustrated by Y. Hayashi.).
Fig 3.
Osillograms of four oscillation behaviors.
Scraping; (B) foreleg taps; (C) palpal taps; (D) tremulation. In scraping, a motion constitutes many beats. A single tapping of foreleg taps constitutes several beat groups, one of which contains 5–7 beats (pulses). A single tapping of palpal taps constitutes 2–5 beats. A single tremulation constitutes several motions. Status of test individual, date and start time at each experiment is as follows: [A: adult female, 6 March 2013, 12:27]; [B: adult male, 20 February 2013, 16:02]; [C: adult female, 6 March 2013, 12:28]; [D: adult male, 27 February 2013, 14:00]. Temperature at the recordings is 19–21˚C.
Table 1.
The occurrence number (average number ± standard deviation) of four behaviors, scraping, foreleg taps, palpal taps and tremulation in 40 minutes recordings.
Table 2.
Two-way ANOVA of scraping behavior as a function of the type of individual (Type* = male, female, nymph) and individual status (Status = solitary, with a male, female or nymph neighbor).
Table 3.
Two-way ANOVA of scraping behavior as a function of the difference log(Ysolitary+1)-log(YNeighbor+1) (Type* = male, female, nymph).
Fig 4.
Oscillograms (upper) and sonagrams (lower) of two oscillation behaviors. (A) Scraping; (B) digging. Status of test individual, date and start time at each experiment is as follows: [A: adult female, 11 February 2017, n/a.]; [B: adult female, 11 February 2017, n/a.]. Temperature at the recordings is 20.5°C.