Table 1.
Quantity of samples collected during the PICO study.
Fig 1.
Microbial α-diversity as measured by the Shannon diversity index.
The Shannon diversity index, which is a heterogeneity measure that combines richness and evenness components of microbial diversity does not significantly differ when subjects take probiotics.
Fig 2.
Taxa were found to be differentially abundant depending on treatment and time point.
(A) Subjects in the probiotic group had a significantly lower abundance of the bacterial family Verrucomicrobiaceae at week 8 than placebo treated subjects; (B) Members of the bacterial genus Bacteroides were significantly reduced in abundance between weeks 0 to 4 in probiotic treated subjects; (C) Ruminococcus (family Lachnospiraceae) tended to be more abundant at week 8 than week 4 within the placebo group and at week 8 than week 0 within the probiotic group; * 0.05 < p < 0.1 and **p ≤ 0.05.
Fig 3.
Predicted functional profiling of the GI microbiome in placebo or probiotic treated subjects undergoing CDI.
Profiling of KEGG modules was based on 16S rRNA marker gene sequences from week 4 using PICRUSt. The α parameter for pairwise tests was set to 0.05 for class normality and the threshold on the logarithmic score of LDA analysis was set to 2.0. Modules that differed significantly in abundance between the treatment groups are displayed with the respective LDA score.