Fig 1.
Daily and annual distribution of the dog-vehicle collisions.
a) Daily and annual distribution of the dog-vehicle collisions according to solar time of the day. Black curved lines indicate time of sunrise and sunset throughout the year, whereas blue areas show the periods around twilight with the highest collision risk as shown in the bottom graph (black bars in b). b) Distribution of dog-vehicle collisions in relation to the existence of natural light. Negative values on the x-axis of the graph indicate minutes in the absence of natural light (minutes until sunrise or after sunset). Black bars show the periods during and around twilight with high concentration of dog-vehicle collisions.
Fig 2.
Distribution of dog-vehicle collisions during weekdays (left side) and weekends (right side). Upper graphs (a, b) indicate daily and annual distribution of dog-vehicle collisions according to solar time of day. Black curved lines indicate time of sunrise and sunset throughout the year, whereas blue areas show the periods around twilight with the highest collision risk as shown in the bottom graph (black bars in c and d). Bottom graphs (c and d) show the distribution of dog-vehicle collisions in relation to the existence of natural light. Negative values on the x-axis indicate minutes in the absence of natural light (minutes until sunrise or after sunset), whereas black bars show periods during and around twilight with high concentration of dog-vehicle collisions.
Fig 3.
Monthly distribution of dog-vehicle collisions.
The horizontal bar above the graph indicates the months with intense (green) and low/no hunting activity (grey).
Fig 4.
Kernel density estimation of the collision hotpots found in the road network of Seville.
The land uses of the area are also shown. We used a bandwidth of 500m as the search radius for calculating the number of accidents, to estimate a density value (Natural Breaks Classification). Estimated densities classified using the Jenks method [44]. The inset map indicates the location of Seville (dark grey area) and Andalusia (light gray area) is Spain.
Fig 5.
Distribution of dog-vehicle collisions in relation to night-light levels.
Night-light levels were used as a proxy of the distance to urban areas (see main text for further details) in Seville. Black color indicates points without night-light, whereas white color shows points with the highest night-light levels. The inset map indicates the location of Seville (dark grey area) and Andalusia (light gray area) is Spain.