Fig 1.
Flow of patient data throughout the study.
NDT-CLBP Nijmegen Decision Tool for Chronic Low Back Pain. CPP program Combined Physical and Psychological program.
Table 1.
Main baseline patient characteristics.
Table 2.
Patient-reported outcomes at one year follow up.
Fig 2.
(A) Lumbar spine surgery cohort (n = 219) and (B) CPP-program cohort (n = 171). ODI Oswestry Disability Index; disability is measured with the ODI. The x-axis represents pre-consultation disability and the y-axis the one-year post-treatment disability. The red area above the red horizontal line represents ‘non-response’ (ODI≥41) and the green area under the green horizontal line represents ‘response’ (ODI≤22).
Table 3.
Multivariable ‘response’ and ‘non-response’ models for lumbar spine surgery and combined physical and psychological (CPP) program.
Fig 3.
The process of patient triage without (A) and with (B) the Nijmegen Decision Tool for Chronic Low Back Pain (NDT-CLBP; a two-staged decision process to guide diagnostics and treatment). CPP program Combined Physical and Psychological program.