Fig 1.
Flow diagram of participant progress throughout the study.
Flow diagram of participant enrollment and follow-up of mother-child pairs.
Table 1.
Maternal and newborn characteristics (n = 1409)1.
Table 2.
Risk of child stunting at 2 years of age by maternal preconception nutritional status.
Fig 2.
Direct and indirect effects of maternal height Z-scores on offspring HAZ at 2 years.
Direct and indirect effects of maternal height Z-scores on offspring HAZ at 2 years. AC, abdomen circumference, BP, Biparietal diameter; FL, femoral length; HAZ, height for age Z-score; HC, head circumference. Significant differences from two-tailed tests: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05. Total effects: 0.30 SD*** (including direct 0.25 SD*** and indirect 0.04 SD** effects).
Fig 3.
Direct and indirect effects of maternal weight Z-scores on offspring HAZ at 2 years.
Direct and indirect effects of maternal weight Z-scores on offspring HAZ at 2 years. AC, abdomen circumference, BP, Biparietal diameter; FL, femoral length; HAZ, height for age Z-score; HC, head circumference. Significant differences from two-tailed tests: *** p<0.001, ** p<0.01, * p<0.05. Total effects: 0.23 SD*** (including direct 0.16 SD***and indirect 0.07 SD*** effects).