Table 1.
Control strains.
Table 2.
List of essential oils used in this study.
Table 3.
Parameters used in GC/MS analysis of essential oils.
Table 4.
Antimicrobial activities for selected EOs.
Table 5.
Gas chromatography parameters for FAME analysis.
Table 6.
Species and sequence type (ST) for Bcc clinical isolates.
Table 7.
Antibiotic resistance of 51 Bcc clinical isolates.
Number of isolates resistant to a given antibiotic is shown for each genomovar (percentage of isolates in brackets).
Table 8.
MIC breakpoints (mg/l) used to assign susceptibility categories.
Table 9.
Number of clinical strains showing mean zones of inhibition > 7mm on ISA.
Table 10.
Minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (% v/v) for two essential oil components, terpinen-4-ol and geraniol, against clinical isolates and control strains of the Bcc.
Fig 1.
Time-kill analysis of Burkholderia cenocepacia strain LMG 16656 when exposed to terpinen-4-ol (0.25% v/v).
Cultures were grown to (A) stationary phase or (B) mid-exponential phase. Cell counts are mean values (n = 6); error bars show standard deviation.
Fig 2.
Time-kill analysis of Burkholderia cenocepacia strain LMG 16656 when exposed to geraniol (0.5% v/v).
Cultures were grown to (A) stationary phase or (B) mid-exponential phase. Cell counts are mean values (n = 6); error bars show standard deviation.
Fig 3.
Time-kill analysis of a mid-exponential phase culture of Burkholderia cenocepacia strain LMG 16656 when exposed to terpinen-4-ol in PBS (0.25%, v/v).
Cell counts are mean values (n = 6); error bars show standard deviation.
Fig 4.
Time-kill analysis of a mid-exponential phase culture of Burkholderia cenocepacia strain LMG 16656 when exposed to geraniol (0.5%, v/v) in PBS.
Cell counts are mean values (n = 6); error bars show standard deviation.
Fig 5.
Time-kill analysis of a stationary phase culture of Burkholderia cenocepacia strain LMG 16656 when exposed to terpinen-4-ol (0.125%, v/v) and 5 mM EDTA.
Cell counts are mean values (n = 6); error bars show standard deviation.
Fig 6.
Time-kill analysis of a stationary phase culture of Burkholderia cenocepacia strain LMG 16656 when exposed to geraniol (0.25%, v/v) and 5 mM EDTA.
Cell counts are mean values (n = 6); error bars show standard deviation.
Fig 7.
Time-kill analysis of a mid-exponential phase culture of Burkholderia cenocepacia strain LMG 16656 when exposed to terpinen-4-ol (0.125%, v/v) and 250 μM CCCP.
Cell counts are mean values (n = 6); error bars show standard deviation.
Fig 8.
Time-kill analysis of a mid-exponential phase culture of Burkholderia cenocepacia strain LMG 16656 when exposed to geraniol (0.25%, v/v) and 250 μM CCCP.
Cell counts are mean values (n = 6); error bars show standard deviation.
Fig 9.
Leakage of potassium from Burkholderia cenocepacia strain LMG 16656 when exposed toessential oil components.
Cultures were exposed to (A) terpinen-4-ol (0.25%, v/v); (B) geraniol (0.5%, v/v).Values shown are means of three replicates; error bars show standard deviation.
Fig 10.
Leakage of 260 nm-absorbing material from 3.2x107 cells of Burkholderia cenocepacia strain LMG 16656 when exposed to terpinen-4-ol (0.25%v/v) and geraniol (0.5%v/v).
Values shown are normalised to the total material released by heat treatment and means of three replicates; error bars show standard deviation.
Fig 11.
Effect of terpinen-4-ol (0.25%v/v) and geraniol (0.5%v/v) on the membrane fatty acid composition of Burkholderia cenocepacia strain LMG 16656.
Bacteria were grown at 28°C on TSA. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) were analysed by GC.