Table 1.
Included patients.
Table 2.
Reference reader signal ratings vs pathology.
Fig 1.
Examples of patients with vCJD, sCJD and non-CJD diagnoses.
Axial T2-weighted images of post-mortem brains from patients with suspected CJD, imaged using 1.0T Siemens Magnetom, with corresponding immunohistochemistry. 1a) Correctly diagnosed by the reference reader as variant CJD, with all basal ganglia rated as bright, without atrophy or white matter hyperintensities. 1b) Immunohistochemistry for prion protein in the frontal cortex in variant CJD shows dense staining (brown) of rounded florid plaques, with additional microplaques and pericellular deposits also demonstrated (12F10 antibody, x 100). 2a) Correctly diagnosed by the reference reader as sCJD, with only the caudate nuclei rated as bright, without a bright pulvinar, or atrophy or white matter hyperintensities. 2b) Immunohistochemistry for prion protein in the frontal cortex in sporadic CJD (MM2 subtype) shows dense deposition (brown) around areas of confluent spongiform change (12F10 antibody, x 100). 3a) Correctly diagnosed by the reference reader as non-CJD without any basal ganglia signal change, but with atrophy and white matter hyperintensities present. 3b) Immunohistochemistry for Aβ in the frontal cortex in Alzheimer’s disease shows numerous plaques (brown), including a cored plaque (lower right) (6F/3D antibody, x 100).
Table 3.
Logistic regression models.
Table 4.
Misdiagnoses.