Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients in the PAF and non-PAF groups.
Table 2.
Pharmacological antiarrhythmic treatment pre- and post-ablation.
Fig 1.
Identification and labeling of the right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV) ostia in two-dimensional viewing.
(a) Measurement of superoinferior diameter of RSPV ostium (solid arrow). (b) Measurement of anteroposterior diameter of RSPV ostium (solid arrow).
Fig 2.
Identification of labeling of the left atrium (LA) in two-dimensional viewing.
(a) LA top―mitral annulus diameter (dashed arrow). (b) LA longitudinal diameter (solid arrow). (c) LA anteroposterior diameter (solid arrow) and LA transverse diameter (dashed arrow).
Fig 3.
Three-dimensional volume-rendered reconstruction of the left atrium (LA) and pulmonary vein (PV).
(a) Definition of the PV distal border as the first major branch in the simultaneously acquired voltage map (arrow head). (b) Definition of the PV―LA junction (dashed line). (c) Definition of the PV distal border and PV―LA junction. (d) Measurement of total PV volume and LA volume.
Table 3.
Anatomical variation of PV in the PAF and non-PAF groups.
Table 4.
Clinical characteristics of patients with and without the recurrence of AF.
Table 5.
PV volume and LA volume with and without the recurrence of AF.
Table 6.
PV ostial area and LA diameter.
Fig 4.
Receiver-operating characteristics curve.
Success after ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) for pulmonary vein volume below 12.0 cm3 / BSA (m2) in the paroxysmal AF group.
Table 7.
PV volume and LA dimension in the PAF and non-PAF groups.
Table 8.
PV volume and LA volume in the non-recurrent and recurrent groups.
Fig 5.
Heart and great vessels, hardened in situ, posterior aspect.
The superior Pulmonary veins (PVs) enter the left atrium (LA) from a superior, anterior, and lateral direction and the inferior PVs from the posterior direction. The right and left pulmonary arteries (PAs) lie just above and parallel to the right and left superior PVs. The ostium of the left inferior PV lies between the LA and descending aorta (Ao). There is neither artery nor bronchi (Br) adjacent to the right inferior PV. LSPV, left superior PV; LIPV. left inferior PV; RSPV, right superior PV; RIPV. right inferior PV.