Fig 1.
A a-e: the formation of VM in MUM-2B cells with different concentrations of Apatinib (0,0.01,0.05,0.1,0.5μmol/L) in the three-dimensional Matrigel at 200× magnification. B:The quantification of vasculogenic mimicry density. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 vs.NS.
Fig 2.
Inhibitory effects of apatinib on MUM-2B cell proliferation.
Proliferation activity of MUM-2B cells was determined by the MTT assay after incubation for 24, 48, and 72h with different concentrations of Apatinib (0.01,0.05,0.1,0.5μmol/L).*p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 vs.NS.
Fig 3.
A:Inhibitory effects of apatinib on MUM-2B cell invasion. Invasion activity of MUM-2B cells was determined by the transwell chambers coated with Matrigel after incubation for 24 h and 48 h with different concentrations of Apatinib. B:The quantification of migrating cell number. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 vs.NS.
Fig 4.
Tumor growth in subcutaneous melanoma cancer model.
A: Suppression of subcutaneous tumor growth in each group. B:The final tumor volume on day 14.
Fig 5.
A:The traditional endothelial-dependent vessels and VM with CD31-PAS double staining with different concentrations of apatinib in models of melanoma cancer (A a-d: at 200×magnification, A e-h: at 400× magnification, green arrow: structure of VM, red arrow: structure of endothelial-dependent vessels). B:The quantification of microvessel density (MVD) and vasculogenic mimicry density (VMD). *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 vs.NS.
Fig 6.
A: VEGFR-2, ERK-1/2, PI3K and MMP-2 immunohistochemical images of tumor tissue from mice in various groups. B: VEGFR-2, ERK-1/2, PI3K and MMP-2 quantitative analysis in xenografts from mice in various groups.*p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 vs.NS. (Original magnification, 400×).
Fig 7.
A:Expression of VEGFR-2,ERK-1/2,PI3K and MMP-2 in tumor tissue from mice in various groups. A representative western blot is shown. β -actin was used as a loading control. B:VEGFR-2/ β-actin, ERK-1/2 / β-actin, PI3K/ β-actin and MMP-2/ β-actin quantitative analysis in xenografts from mice in various groups.*p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 vs.NS.