Table 1.
Shoulder flexion rating scales.
Table 2.
Elbow flexion rating scales.
Fig 1.
Schematic illustration of shoulder flexion rating scales and their cut-off points per degrees of Range of Motion (ROM) as well as required shoulder flexion ROM for activities of daily life (ADL) as synthesized by Oosterwijk et al. [29–30].
BSC-SS: Burn scar contracture severity scale; accept.: acceptable; funct.: functional = about 50% max ROM; *: none = no limitation of motion.
Fig 2.
Schematic illustration of elbow flexion rating scales and their cut-off points per degrees of Range of Motion (ROM) as well as required elbow flexion ROM for activities of daily life (ADL) as synthesized by Oosterwijk et al. [29–30].
HSS: Hospital for special surgery scoring; MEPI: Mayo elbow performance index; MEPS: Mayo elbow performance score; T-A score: Timmerman-Andrew elbow score; LES: Liverpool elbow score; BSC-SS: Burn scar contracture severity scale; accept.: acceptable; funct.: functional = about 50% max ROM; *: good = 140°- 144°, ** fair = 135°- 139°, †: none = no limitation of motion, ‡: mild = 125°-130°.
Table 3.
Severity of shoulder flexion impairment according to six rating scales based on measured ROM of 28 shoulders three months post burn.
Fig 3.
Schematic illustration of activities of daily life (ADL) that can (dark green) or cannot (dark red) be performed after burn injury in the shoulder joint area, based on measured Range of Motion (ROM) of 28 shoulders 3 month post burn (ROM given in bold numbers) and the required shoulder flexion ROM for 36 different ADL tasks as synthesized by Oosterwijk et al. [29–30].
Light green and light red represent joint angles that can or cannot be performed, respectively, but do not affect functionality based on the included tasks. Note that not many of the tasks need near full (145°-180°) shoulder flexion ROM meaning that up to 35° ROM deficit might have rather limited impact on daily functioning.
Table 4.
Severity of elbow flexion impairment according to 12 rating scales based on measured ROM of 35 elbows three months post burn.
Fig 4.
Schematic illustration of activities of daily life (ADL) that can (green) or cannot (red) be performed after burn injury in the elbow joint area, based on measured Range of Motion (ROM) of 35 elbows 3 month post burn (ROM given in bold numbers) and the required elbow flexion ROM for 44 different ADL tasks as synthesized by Oosterwijk et al. [29–30].
Note that many of these ADL tasks need almost full elbow flexion so that even a small ROM deficit can have considerable impact on daily functioning.