Fig 1.
a) Wavelet coherence between the two time series. Colour code from purple (low values) to red (high values). The arrows indicate synchrony of the two time series: arrows pointing to the right means the oscillations are synchronised. Arrows are only plotted within white contour lines that indicate significance. The shaded area near the edges in the graphs is the cone of influence, and indicates the range of the graph where the results are not reliable because of edge effects. b) Phases of the oscillations of the two time series (SVD—STEAM visitor days—in orange and FVD—Flickr visitor days—in purple) computed in the 8–16 periodic band where there is significant correlation. The dotted line is the phase difference.
Fig 2.
Left: results at the 20 km resolution; centre: results at the 10 km resolution; right: results at the 5 km resolution. Predictions from the models (blue line) are plotted on the response scale with confidence intervals (shaded areas around the prediction curve).
Fig 3.
Results of negative binomial GLMs.
Left: results at the 20 km resolution; centre: results at the 10 km resolution; right: results at the 5 km resolution. Predictions from the models (blue line) are plotted on the response scale with confidence intervals (shaded areas around the prediction curve).
Fig 4.
Birdwatching density map for 2009 by season.
Each panel represents the density of Flickr visitor days in a different season. The blue dots on the maps are the data. Different colours represent different density levels, from low (yellow) to high (red). * Moray Firth, ▪ Edinburgh; ▲ Glasgow.
Fig 5.
Each panel represents the density of Flickr visitor days in a different year, from 2005 to 2015. The blue dots on the maps are the data. Different colours represent different density levels, from low (yellow) to high (red). + Shetland; • Newburgh; ▼ Tay estuary; x Firth of Forth.
Fig 6.
Dolphin and whale watching density maps.
Each panel represents the density of Flickr visitor days in a different year, from 2005 to 2015. The blue dots on the maps are the data. Different colours represent different density levels, from low (yellow) to high (red). ○ Chanonry Point; * Aberdeen.
Fig 7.
Time series of visitation to the CNP.
Top panel: time series of annual visitation to the Cairngorms National Park from Flickr (CNPFVD—CNP Flickr visitor days) and from the CNP authority data (CNPSVD—CNP STEAM visitor days in millions). Bottom panel: time series of monthly Flickr visitor days and rainfall in the Cairngorms National Park. The rectangles indicate summer 2012 and 2013 when rainfall is low and visitation is high. Rainfall data available from Met Office UK at: https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/pub/data/weather/uk/climate/stationdata/braemardata.txt.