Table 1.
Characterization of BPfu and BPja genomes in comparison with other published Blattabacterium strains.
Fig 1.
Phylogenomics analysis of 75 Bacteroidetes including Blattabacterium strains.
Fig 2.
Gene order comparison between all Blattabacterium strains.
Lines between genomes connect orthologous genes in blue if genes are in the same orientation, or in green if they are inverted. The first gene in all strains is yidC (membrane protein insertase C).
Fig 3.
COG frequency heat map of different Blattabacterium strains with their pan- and core-genome, and the free-living Capnocytophaga canimorsu.
By alphabetic order: C, energy production and conversion; D, cell cycle control; E, amino acid transport and metabolism; F, nucleotide transport and metabolism; G, carbohydrate transport and metabolism; H, coenzyme transport and metabolism; I, lipid transport and metabolism; J, translation; K, transcription; L, replication, recombination, and repair; M, cell/wall membrane biogenesis; N, cell motility; O, post-translational modification, protein turnover, chaperones; P, inorganic ion transport and metabolism; Q, secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport, and catabolism; R, general function prediction only; S, function unknown; T, signal transduction mechanism; U, intracellular trafficking and secretion; and V, defense mechanism.
Fig 4.
List of genes associated with amino acid synthesis in all sequenced Blattabacterium strains.
The absent genes are represented by white boxes. Host species abbreviations: BPfu, Periplaneta fuliginosa; BPja, Periplaneta japonica; BNCIN, Nauphoeta cinerea; BGIGA, Blaberus giganteus; BBge, Blattella germanica; BPLAN, Periplaneta americana; BBor, Blatta orientalis; BPAA, Panesthia angustipennis; BCpu, Cryptocercus punctulatus; BMda, Mastotermes darwiniensis. Vertical bars indicate omnivorous (blue), wood-feeding (red), and litter-feeding (black) hosts, respectively. EAA are indicated by orange horizontal bars, and non-EAA indicated by black horizontal bars.
Fig 5.
The pathway of sulfate assimilation from different Blattabacterium strains.
(a). Genes required for sulfur assimilation (b) include cysN and cysD coding for two subunits of sulfate adenyltransferase; the adenosine 5’-phosphosulfate (APS) reductase cysH and the sulfite reductase cysIJ. There is a missing step for the conversion of adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (APS) into 3'-phospho adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS). The generated sulfite is reduced to hydrogen sulfide further on assimilated into sulfur-containing amino acids L-cysteine and L-methionine.
Fig 6.
Reconstruction of pathways for biosynthesis of vitamins (a) and cofactors (b) in Periplaneta fuliginosa and P. japonica. Gene names are indicated in coloured rectangles. White rectangles indicate missing genes and circles indicate products.