Table 1.
Maternal and pregnancy clinical characteristics.
Fig 1.
Serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers in pregnant women at third trimester.
(a) Haptoglobin (Haptog); (b) soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), and (c) high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels in normoweight (N/W), overweight (O/W), and obese (O/O) pregnant women. *Significant differences compared to N/W with p value < 0.05 (Mann Whitney U test).
Fig 2.
Associations between pre-BMI and inflammatory biomarkers and weigh gain at third trimester.
Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (Rho) between pregestational BMI (pre-BMI) and (a) haptoglobin, (b) suPAR, (c) hs_CRP, and (d) weight gain at third trimester.
Fig 3.
Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in gut microbiota at third trimester of pregnancy.
Normoweight (N/W), overweight (O/W), and obese (O/O) mothers. *Significant differences compared to N/W with p value < 0.05 (Mann Whitney U test).
Table 2.
Relative abundance of bacterial taxa at various taxonomic levels in association with pre-BMI status.
Fig 4.
Associations between inflammatory biomarkers with microbiota diversity (Shannon index) and richness (Chao1 index).
Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (Rho) for (a) hs_CRP and (b) haptoglobin. No associations were found for suPAR.
Table 3.
Correlations between the relative abundance of bacterial taxa at various taxonomic levels and maternal biomarkers.
Fig 5.
Associations between microbiome and serum biomarkers and pregestational BMI.
Heatmap generated from Spearman rank test correlation analysis shows associations between hs_CRP, haptog, suPAR and pre-BMI and abundance (Square root transformed data) of specific bacterial genera. Red to blue scale: positive to negative associations.