Table 1.
Subject demographics data.
Fig 1.
A: standing position with lowered arms: a natural standing position with the arms lowered loosely at the sides of the trunk. B: standing position with raised arms: a natural standing position with the arms raised to 45° in the sagittal plane and with hands grabbing the opposite side elbows.
Fig 2.
A: placing the reference marker on the skin of the easily palpable part of the pelvis and marking the acromion, the angulus inferior scapulae, the spina iliaca posterior superior, the thoracic 12 (Th12) and the lumbar 1 (L1) on both sides. B: positioning the subject in front of the measurement head with the back facing it. C: calibration: defining the global coordinate system by marking four points on the ground with the pointer stick. D: determining the positions of the spinous processes with the pointer stick between vertebrae C7-S1.
Table 2.
Subject spinal curvature parameters determined by the Cobb method on biplanar X-ray images and by ZEBRIS spinal examination.
Table 3.
Means, standard deviations and 95% CIs of compared parameters.
Table 4.
Results of Bland-Altman analysis on spinal curvature angles.
Fig 3.
Bland-Altman plots of spinal curvature angles in the sagittal plane comparing the results of the two measurement systems.
a: sagittal thoracic spinal curvature angle (TK), b: sagittal lumbar spinal curvature angle (LL). Comments: SSE—sum of squared error; r2—Pearson r-value squared; RPC (%)—reproducibility coefficient and % of values; ks—Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality of differences, all values are higher than 0.05 and the distribution is Gaussian.
Fig 4.
Bland-Altman plots of spinal curvature angles in the frontal plane comparing the results of the two measurement systems.
a: frontal thoracic spinal curvature angle (TSC), b: frontal thoracolumbar/lumbar spinal curvature angle. Comments: SSE—sum of squared error; r2—Pearson r-value squared; RPC (%)—reproducibility coefficient and % of values; ks—Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality of differences, all values are higher than 0.05 and the distribution is Gaussian.
Table 5.
Comparison of subjects, methods, data and spinal curvature angles of present and previous research.