Fig 1.
(a) Locations of the three study areas (black quadrats) along the Chilean Andes. Colours (purple = Mediterranean-type climate region with a severe drought summer, green = Mediterranean-type climate region with a milder drought summer and red = sub-Antarctic region) represent three different climatic zones according to Sarricolea [45]; (b) plot distribution along the three areas; and (c) typical structure of the vegetation in each area.
Table 1.
Coefficients of the models (GLMs and GLMMs) examining the effects of environmental factors on the diversity indices at plot (20 x 20 m), at quadrat (2.4 x 2.4 m) and cell (30 x 30 cm) scales.
Fig 2.
Conceptual diagram showing the relationship between species richness and the standardized elevation across contrasted latitudes.
Species richness variation along an elevational gradient in a sub-Antarctic mountain (blue lines) and in two Mediterranean-climate type mountains with different length in dry season: long dry season (red lines) and short dry season (purple lines). The solid lines represent the richness patterns when the main environmental stressor is coldness. The dotted lines represent the richness patterns when summer drought (red dotted line), facilitation (blue dotted line), or both mechanisms (purple dotted lines) act modulating the original monotonic pattern. Decreasing and increasing species richness are represented by the red and blue shaded area, respectively.