Fig 1.
Most likely tree from a RAxML analysis of ITS-LSU dataset containing representative Sporocadaceae species.
Culture collection accession numbers or specimen identifiers follow the species name, with sequences from type specimens or ex-type strains in bold. RAxML bootstrap support percentages ≥50 from a summary of 1000 replicates are presented at the branch nodes. Thickened branches indicate Bayesian posterior probability values ≥0.95. The tree was rooted with Phlogicylindrium uniforme CBS 131312 and the scale bar represents the number of substitutions per site.
Fig 2.
Synnemapestaloides ericacearum.
A, C, E. Leaf spots and acervuli on Rhododendron groenlandicum (DAOM 745782). B, D, F. Coalescing leaf spot and acervuli on Kalmia latifolia (DAOM 867445, holotype), triangular acervuli in F. G. Acervulus with intact host cuticle. H. Acervulus with ruptured host cuticle. I–K. Conidiophores and conidia, arrows denoting conidiogenous cells exhibiting obvious successive percurrent extensions. L–M. Conidia. Scale bars: G–M = 10 μm.
Table 1.
1H (400 MHz) and 13C (100 MHz) NMR data for synnemadoxins A-B (1–2) in CD3OD.
Fig 3.
Structures of new 1,3-benzodioxin-4-ones synnemadoxins A-B (1–2) and synnemadiacid A (3) characterized from Syn. ericacearum DAOMC 250336.
Fig 4.
Observed COSY (bold) and key HMBC (blue) correlations for synnemadoxin A (1) and synnemadiacid A (3).
Table 2.
1H (400 MHz) and 13C (100 MHz) NMR data for synnemadiacid A (3) CD3OD.
Table 3.
Minimum inhibitory concentrations for 1–3 isolated from Syn. ericacearum DAOMC 250336.
Fig 5.
A) Proposed biosynthesis of maladoxin from the oxidation of dihydromaldoxin by a Xylariales fungus (unidentified Xylaria sp.; adapted from Adeboya et al. 1996). B) Proposed biosynthetic scheme of chloropestolides from P. fici from the oxidation of the diphenyl ether pestheic acid to maladoxin followed by the Diels-Alder addition of iso-A82775C (adapted from Liu et al. 2013). C) Proposed biosynthesis of synnemadoxin A (1) by Syn. ericacearum from the oxidation of synnemadiacid A (3), analogous to the schemes proposed for maldoxin from and unidentified Xylaria sp. (Xylariales) and P. fici.