Fig 1.
Seismic intensity according to the CSIS.
Fig 2.
Notes: WP-With patients; WFA-With family; WS-With strangers; WFR-With friends; Wcoll-With colleagues; Wclas-With classmates.
Fig 3.
The year in which the earthquakes occurred.
Fig 4.
Notes: WC-Wenchuan; PZH-Panzhihua; HLJ-Heilongjiang; TS-Tangshan; NL-Ninlang; YL-Yiliang; HY-Heyuan; LS-Lushan; TL-Tongliao; ZX-Zhangxian; IM-Inner Mongolia; CW-Cangwu.
Fig 5.
Gender.
Table 1.
Terms used in Transana.
Table 2.
Individual characteristics, according to gender.
Table 3.
Pre-earthquake status according to location, social context and action.
Table 4.
Pedestrian response behaviors.
Fig 6.
General decision flowchart of pedestrians in earthquake.
Fig 7.
Delay time distribution and the related log-normal curve: The arithmetic mean is 5.44 s; the std. deviation is 0.82; and the highest frequency of delay time is 1.78 s.
Table 5.
Delay time, according to seismic intensity.
Fig 8.
The boxplot for each seismic intensity class used in the CSIS (I-IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, and IX).
Fig 9.
The boxplot of delay time between male and female.
Fig 10.
Independent-samples Mann-Whitney U Test.
Table 6.
Seismic intensity-gender matrix of the average delay time.
Fig 11.
Instantaneous evacuation speed distribution and the related log-normal curve.
The arithmetic mean is 2.21 m/s; the std. deviation is 0.66; and the highest frequency of speed is 1.56 m/s.
Table 7.
The seismic intensity—Location (density: person/m2) matrix of the average evacuation speed.
Fig 12.
Average evacuation speeds for different seismic intensities and locations.
Fig 13.
A box plot of the different locations (density: person/m2).
Notes: 1—Barber shop, 2-Classroom (1.03), 3-Hospital (0.85), 4-Internet cafe (0.77), 5-E-reading room (0.69), 6-Computer room (0.62), 7-Periodical reading room (0.60), 8-Bank (0.59), 9-Library (0.58), 10-Supermarket (0.55), 11- Office (0.41), 12- Airport (0.32), 13- Home (0.31), 14- Hallway (0.28), 15- Mobile phone shop (0.23), and 16- Auto repair factory (0.21).
Table 8.
Numerical range, average value, median, and the std. deviation of the delay time and evacuation speed for different gender and location.
Fig 14.
The classroom layout and evacuation trajectories in the No. 2 Middle School of Ganqika.
Fig 15.
The evacuation time of each student in the Tongliao earthquake.
Fig 16.
The four stages of the entire evacuation process in the No. 2 Middle School of Ganqika.
Table 9.
The number of students evacuated through routes 1–3, the front and back door during the four evacuation stages in the No. 2 Middle School of Ganqika.
Fig 17.
The layout and Evacuation trajectories of Class 3 in the Middle School of Tangshan Yucai.
Fig 18.
The evacuation time of each student in the Tangshan earthquake.
Fig 19.
The four stages of the entire evacuation process in the Middle School of Tangshan Yucai.
Table 10.
A detailed comparison of two classrooms in the No. 2 Middle School of Ganqika and the Tangshan Yucai Middle School.
Table 11.
The number of students evacuated through routes 1–3 and Exits 1 and 2 during the four evacuation stages in the Tangshan Yucai Middle School.