Fig 1.
In the final step, 267 males and 266 females were excluded because of the lack of available ultrasonography results. 198 males and 276 females were excluded because bone mineral density results were not available.
Fig 2.
Predicted femoral neck bone mineral densities for HA NAFLD, NA NAFLD and non-NAFLD groups for different levels of BMI.
The predictions were made using the final model, Model 2. Representative values were used for covariates for each group (described in detail in method section). Abbreviations: HA NAFLD, NAFLD with high alanine aminotransferase levels; NA NAFLD, NAFLD with normal alanine aminotransferase levels.
Table 1.
Characteristics of participants with and without NAFLD (N = 6089).
Table 2.
Femoral neck bone mineral densities for participants with and without NAFLD, stratified by gender and menopausal status, race/ethnicity, age, and BMI.
Table 3.
Multiple linear regression analysis of the effect of NAFLD on bone mineral density (N = 5822).
Table 4.
Secondary multiple linear regression analysis assessing the effects of NAFLD with high or normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels on bone mineral density (N = 5751).
Fig 3.
HOMA-IR levels for the different NAFLD groups for different BMI ranges.
The population was stratified by BMI into the ranges 15–20, 20–25, 25–30, 30–35, and 35–40 kg/m2. No one in the HA NAFLD group had a BMI in the range 15–20 kg/m2. Mean HOMA-IR values were obtained for each NAFLD group for the different BMI ranges. Abbreviations: HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; HA NAFLD, NAFLD with high alanine aminotransferase levels; NA NAFLD, NAFLD with normal alanine aminotransferase levels.