Fig 1.
Of 944 children in the PreventCD-cohort, 196 complete mother/infant pairs with complete sample sets were analysed. 136 pairs were studied for the associations between month 1 breast milk composition and infant serum metabolites at age of 4 months and 137 were studied for the associations between month 4 breast milk composition and infant serum metabolites at age of 4 months. 87 were studied at both time points.
Table 1.
Characteristics of the infant/mother pairs studied with breast milk samples available at month 1 and month 4.
Fig 2.
Associations between breast milk macronutrient classes and hormones to infant serum metabolites at 4 months of age.
Breast milk components were measured at month 1 (a) or month 4 (b). Negative log-transformed P-values are plotted for each metabolite arranged by metabolite group and species. Higher values represented in the outer circles present a higher association between metabolite and predictor. P-values were calculated by linear regression models with the milk compound as independent variable, adjusted for infant sex, breastfeeding status at 4-month blood withdrawal (exclusively BF yes/no), and the infant’s age at blood withdrawal. Random intercepts were modelled for batch number and study centre. P-values were corrected (PLME) for multiple testing using Bonferroni’s methods, this is by dividing the p-value with number of metabolites (n = 184).
Fig 3.
Correlations between breast milk fatty acids percentages to infant serum metabolites at 4 months of age.
Breast milk components were measured at month 1 (a) or month 4 (b). Spearman correlation coefficients are plotted for each metabolite arranged by metabolite group. AA, amino acids; Carn, acylcarnitines; LPC, lysophosphatidylcholines; PC aa, diacyl-phosphatidylcholines; PC ae, acyl-alkyl-phosphatidylcholines SM, sphingomyelins.