Fig 1.
Example slice with electrode track.
Right: A fluorescent green Nissl stained coronal section of an example slice (-3.3 mm from bregma). Left side: the corresponding replotted atlas page. Dashed lines denote the borders between auditory areas. Reconstructed direction and angle of electrode paths in pink.
Fig 2.
A schematic representation of all test conditions.
A. B. and C. Two-tone sequences: in each trial, either f1 or f2 are presented pseudo-randomly according to their probability of occurrence (red, low probability; blue, high probability; black, equal probability). A and B represent the oddball sequences. D. Deviant alone control. Either f1 or f2 appears in 5% of the trials, and the rest is silence. E. Diverse broad control. Frequencies are evenly spaced on a logarithmic scale, with an interval of Δf between each two adjacent frequencies. F. Diverse narrow control. Frequencies are evenly spaced on a logarithmic scale over a range of 2Δf, with f1 the 6th and f2 the 15th frequency in this sequence. Only the responses to the coloured frequencies (f1 and f2) are analyzed here.
Fig 3.
LFP responses to BBN bursts along one electrode track.
The responses show gradual changes along the track (from left to right and from top to bottom). Recording locations are about 500 μm apart in A1 and AuV; recording location in AuD is 1500 μm above the first recording in A1; recordings ventral to AuV are about 150 μm apart. Titles were determined from the anatomical reconstruction of the track, from dorsal to ventral. Red line denotes stimulus time. Thresholds tended to decrease as the electrodes entered A1, then increased again when leaving AuV (indicated as ‘ventral’). A second excitatory response occurred sometimes when the electrodes were outside A1 (e.g. rightmost ventral recording location, the most ventral location shown here, marked by a black arrow). The data and code for generating this figure can be found in S1 Data and S1 Code respectively.
Fig 4.
Examples of frequency response areas (FRAs) derived from LFP responses.
These were recorded in three different rats. White lines are the outlines of the FRAs. Red dots indicate the frequencies selected as f1 and f2 for the rest of the recording session. The data and code for generating this figure can be found in S2 Data and S2 Code respectively.
Fig 5.
Responses to the two tones in different probabilities of appearance.
A. The average LFP (top) and MUA (bottom) responses to the two frequencies (f1 = 37.5 kHz in black, f2 = 54 kHz in grey) in the oddball conditions and the equal condition (see Fig 2A–2C) in one, typical recording site. Tone level was at 30 dB attenuation (~70 dB SPL). Shaded areas: stimulus. Black lines under rightmost panels: the response window. B. Scatter plot of the responses to the same tone when standard and when deviant in all recording sites for both f1 and f2. LFP (top) and MUA (bottom). Black line is the main diagonal (y = x). The data and code generating this figure can be found in S3 Data and S3 Code for panel A and in S4 Data and S4 Code for panel B.
Fig 6.
A. SI1 and SI2 plotted against each other for all LFP (left) and MUA (right) electrode sites with significant responses to the tone sequences. Grey area: recording sites that exhibit SSA for both f1 and f2. B. Histograms of the CSIs of all recording sites for LFP (left) and MUA (right). The data and code generating this figure can be found in S4 Data and S5 Code respectively.
Fig 7.
Comparison of sound levels and response sizes.
A. A scatter plot of sound levels (determined from the recordings made by the headstage microphone) of a tone when standard (abscissa) and the same tone when deviant (ordinate). Each dot corresponds to one recording session. The colors of the dots correspond to the frequency. Black line is the regression line, with the correlation coefficient displayed above the figure. B. A scatter plot of the difference between the response sizes (Δresponse = response(deviant)–response(standard)) as a function of the difference between the sound levels of the tone in the two conditions (Δintensity = intensity(deviant)–intensity(standard)). Black line is the regression line, with the correlation coefficient displayed above the figure. The data and code generating this figure can be found in S5 Data and S6 Code respectively.
Fig 8.
Deviance sensitivity in awake rats.
Each dot denotes the responses from a single recording site to a tone when deviant (abscissa) and the response to the same tone in the diverse broad condition (ordinate). LFP (left) and MUA (right) for both f1 and f2. The number of cases on each side of the diagonal are indicated. Black line is the main diagonal (y = x). The data and code generating this figure can be found in S4 Data and S7 Code respectively.
Fig 9.
Comparison of sound levels and response sizes.
A. A scatter plot of sound levels (determined from the recordings made by the headstage microphone) of a tone in the diverse broad condition (abscissa) and the same tone when deviant (ordinate). Same conventions as in Fig 7. B. A scatter plot of the difference between the response sizes as a function of the difference between the sound levels of the tone in the two conditions. Same conventions as in Fig 7. The data and code generating this figure can be found in S5 Data and S8 Code respectively.
Fig 10.
Responses at a typical recording site to all conditions.
Example is same as Fig 5. All conditions same as Fig 2. Top: LFP; bottom: MUA. Grey area: stimulus. The data and code generating this figure can be found in S6 Data and S9 Code respectively.
Fig 11.
Mean responses to all conditions.
Bar plots: mean responses, and box plots: distributions of the responses, normalized with respect to the corresponding deviant-alone response (unadapted response) to both frequencies f1 and f2 in each of the six conditions. Mean responses in all six conditions. Left: LFP; right: MUA. Insets: same data for all six conditions in anesthetized rats, from Taaseh et al. [9]. Conditions are in the same order as in the awake rats. Note the difference between deviant (red) and diverse broad (banana yellow) in the awake compared to the anesthetized conditions. The data and code generating this figure can be found in S4 Data and S10 Code respectively.
Fig 12.
Summary of responses in A1 and AuV.
A. Mean responses in all six conditions. Bar plots: mean responses, and box plot: distributions of the responses normalized with respect to the corresponding deviant-alone response (unadapted response) to both frequencies f1 and f2 in each of the six conditions. Left: A1; right: AuV; top: LFP; bottom: MUA. B. Scatter plots of the responses to a tone when deviant (abscissa) compared to the same tone when standard (ordinate) for both f1 and f2. LFP (top) and MUA (bottom) in A1 (left) and AuV (right). Black line is the main diagonal (y = x). The number of cases on each side of the diagonal is indicated in the top right corner. C. Same as B., deviant (abscissa) vs. diverse broad (ordinate) responses for both f1 and f2. Only LFP responses are plotted in C. Black line is the main diagonal (y = x). The number of cases on each side of the diagonal are indicated. The data underlying this figure can be found in S7 Data and the code generating this figure can be found in S11 Code for panel A and in S12 Code for panels B and C.