Fig 1.
Experimental Setup and working principle.
(a) Schematic of the 3D-PMD-based RBC deformability measurement system. (b) Photographs of the 3D-PMD device for measuring RBC deformability. The system contains two channels and two alignment holes that are at opposite sides of the device. The two channels are filled with a normal RBC sample and a hardened RBC sample, respectively. (c) A single unit of a straight channel with one inlet and one outlet and the measurement method of the compressibility index (CI). Fd is the drag force and Fc is the centrifugal force.
Fig 2.
Analysis of CI using normalized intensity.
(a) Normalized intensities in the fluidic channel of the 3D-PMD device as a function of normalized radial position at different time rotation durations (10, 20, and 30 min). The dotted line indicates the normalized intensity of 0.85. (b) Photographs of a single unit of the fluidic channel 10, 20, and 30 mins after beginning 3D-PMD rotation. White dotted line (A-A’) shows the radial position in the fluidic channel for intensity analysis.
Fig 3.
Determination of the rotational conditions for measuring RBC deformability.
Compressibility index of normal and hardened RBCs (a) at various rotational speeds after 25 min and (b) depending on various rotation times with a fixed rotational speed at of 3000 rpm. The standard deviation shows the measured values from ten different measurements (n = 10).
Fig 4.
Validation of CIs measured using a 3D-PMD device.
Relation between compressibility indices (CIs) measured using a 3D-PMD device and elongation indices (EIs) measured using a viscoelastic cell deformability measurement technique depending on RBC rigidity. The standard deviation shows the measured values from ten different measurements (n = 10). Photographs of stretched RBCs in a cross-shaped channel and single units of the fluidic channel of the 3D-PMD device.