Fig 1.
Flowchart of the study population.
Table 1.
MR imaging parameters.
Fig 2.
Axial MR image from the 16 b IVIM DWI sequence and IVIM-derived parameters maps of Standard ADC, D, D* and f.
Fig 3.
A, a regular shape HCC without microvascular invasion in a 24-year-old man. B, an irregular shape HCC with microvascular invasion in a 52-year-old man.
Table 2.
Demographic, pathologic and Baseline clinical characteristics.
Table 3.
Lesion characteristics and their relationships with MVI.
Table 4.
IVIM-parameters, DCE-MRI-parameters and RE with MVI.
Table 5.
Diagnostic performance of all parameters for predicting MVI.
Fig 4.
Comparison of ROC curves of irregular shape, Standard ADC, D and the combination of irregular shape and D value for MVI (+) group and MVI (-) group.
Fig 5.
A 28-year-old man with chronic hepatitis B and who underwent liver resection for HCC (moderately differentiation) without microvascular invasion.
MRI shows a 4.8 cm hyperintensity on axial respiratory-triggered, T2-weighted, fast-spin-echo (FSE) image (T2WI) in hepatic II with hyperintensity on DW imaging and early arterial-phase(EAP) and a definite hypointensity on hepatobiliary-phase(HBP) images, presented with a regular shape. Corresponding IVIM-derived four parameters (Standard ADC, D, D* f) maps, the value of Standard ADC, D, D* f for the lesion was 2.10 × 10−3 mm2/sec, 1.93× 10−3 mm2/sec, 83.5× 10−3 mm2/sec,14.7%, respectively.
Fig 6.
A 45-year-old man with chronic hepatitis B and who underwent liver resection for HCC (poorly differentiation) with microvascular invasion.
MRI shows a 9.0 cm hyperintensity on axial respiratory-triggered, T2-weighted, fast-spin-echo (FSE) image (T2WI) in right liver with hyperintensity on DW imaging and early arterial-phase(EAP) and a definite hypointensity on hepatobiliary-phase(HBP) images (d), presented with an irregular shape. Corresponding IVIM-derived four parameters (Standard ADC, D, D* f) maps, the value of Standard ADC, D, D* f for the lesion was 1.09 × 10−3 mm2/sec, 0.89× 10−3 mm2/sec, 24.3× 10−3 mm2/sec,12.8%, respectively.
Table 6.
Multivariate analysis of the independent predictive factors for MVI of HCC.