Fig 1.
Flowchart of the pregnant women in the NeoETIP trial (CONSORT flow diagram).
Women who were lost to follow-up throughout the pregnancy- and delivery period, categorized in the “other reasons”- group, either forgot or chose not to give notice of birth to the study group regarding the scheduled cardiac examination of the newborn. Neonates in the Exercise Training in Pregnancy (NeoETIP), Body mass index (BMI), Number (N).
Fig 2.
Flowchart of the newborns in the NeoETIP trial (CONSORT flow diagram).
The final study population: Newborns of normal weight women (NNW), Newborns of obese women (NOW), NOWe randomized to exercise and NOWc randomized to control (standard maternity care). The newborns underwent cardiac examination 1–3 days of age and 6–8 weeks of age. Neonates in the Exercise Training in Pregnancy (NeoETIP), Body mass index (BMI), Number (N).
Table 1.
Baseline characteristics–The pregnant women.
Table 2.
Blood pressure and heart rate.
Table 3.
Cardiac function and size—Echocardiographic measurements.
Table 4.
Between-group comparisons: Cardiac function and size.
Fig 3.
Cardiac function–Longitudinal strain in the left ventricle.
Examples of apical 4 chamber views with speckle tracking in a newborn of a normal weight women (NNW, the upper image) and a newborn of an obese women in the control group (NOWc, lower image) at 6–8 weeks.
Fig 4.
Cardiac function–A comparison between groups over time.
The figure demonstrates the difference between the groups with 95% confidence intervals and the physiologic increase in cardiac function over time during the first weeks of life. The symbols represent the following groups: The filled circle (●) represents newborns of normal weight women (NNW), and a dotted line is drawn between the circles. The triangle (Δ) represents newborns of obese women in the exercise group (NOWe), and a solid line is drawn between the triangles. The square (□) represents newborns of obese women in the control group (NOWc), and a broken line is drawn between the squares. Left ventricle (LV), Right ventricle (RV), S’ peak systolic tissue Doppler velocity (TDV), E’ peak early diastolic TDV, mitral annular-plane systolic excursion (MAPSE), tricuspid annular-plane systolic excursion (TAPSE).