Fig 1.
Illustration of bio-refinery of sugarcane bagasse.
In above scheme the hemicellulose is used to prepare xylan, a very valuable medicine for hypertensive and diabetic patients. The cellulose is a widely-used material for pulp, glucose, and ethanol. The lignin is rich in phenolic compounds, the raw materials for many chemical products.
Fig 2.
The chemical structures of cellulose and lignin.
(a) Cellulose is a carbohydrate polymer consisting of glucose monomer through 1–4 glycoside bonds. (b) Lignin is cross linked phenolic polymer, consisting of three phenol monomers, coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, and syringyl alcohol.
Fig 3.
The structure of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) reactor.
A: Stainless steel vessel, B: pressure vessel closure, C: Fixing iron, D: Teflon cylinder, E: Teflon seal cover, F: Pressure valve, G: Relieve valve, H: Thermocouple, I: Pressure gauge, J: Biomass material, K: Water.
Table 1.
Physical conditions of HTC reactions and yields of organic products and solid carbon.
Fig 4.
GC-MS spectra of organic byproducts from HTC reactions of bagasse at three temperatures.
(a) 200, (b) 250,(c) 300°C.
Table 2.
Liquid organic products from HTC reactions of bagasse.
Fig 5.
GC-MS spectra of organic byproducts from HTC reactions of cellulose at three temperatures.
(a) 200, (b) 250,(c) 300°C.
Table 3.
Liquid organic products from HTC reactions of cellulose.
Fig 6.
GC-MS spectra of organic byproducts from HTC reactions of lignin at three temperatures.
(a) 200, (b) 250, (c) 300°C.
Table 4.
Liquid organic products from HTC reactions of lignin.