Fig 1.
(A) Post-contrast T1-weighted MRI cervico-thoracic spine demonstrating extensive leptomeningeal enhancement along vertical axis of spinal dura. Red and yellow arrows depict leptomeningeal disease consistent with metastasis. (B) Yellow arrow correlates to same level of disease in the post-contrast T1-weighted axial image. (C) Representative image of T1-weighted post-contrast axial MRI with leptomeningeal enhancement, contrast-enhancement over areas in a‘sugar-coated’ manner and nodular disease, as highlighted by the red arrows.
Fig 2.
Photomicrograph of cerebrospinal fluid cytology (Papanicolau stain, magnification x1000) shows a cluster of tumour cells that have hyperchromatic nuclei with irregular nuclear contours and coarse chromatin, and scant cytoplasm.
Table 1.
Table depicting patient clinical and tumour demographics, in conjunction with MRI findings, and CSF cytology results from surgery and LP procedures.
IG: intracranial germinoma; ATRT: atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumour; ETMR: embryonal tumour with multilayered rosettes.
Table 2.
Table showing correlation of cytologic results from 30 pairs of CSF samples from surgery (EVD/ NED) versus LP.
Table 3.
Table showing correlation of MRI results positive for LMD versus corresponding cytology results from CSF samples from surgery (EVD/ NED) and LP, in the same cohort of patients.
Table 4.
Table showing correlation of MRI results negative for LMD versus corresponding cytology results from CSF samples from surgery (EVD/ NED) and LP, in the same cohort of patients.
Table 5.
Statistical analysis of CSF sampling from EVD/ NED versus LP.
Table 6.
Statistical analysis of MRI results positive for LMD versus corresponding cytology results from CSF samples from surgery (EVD/ NED) and LP, in the same cohort of patients.
Table 7.
Statistical analysis of MRI results negative for LMD versus corresponding cytology results from CSF samples from surgery (EVD/ NED) and LP, in the same cohort of patients.