Table 1.
Plantago genotypes, their origin, meteorological data and Köppen-Geiger climate (KGC) classification of the habitat.
Table 2.
Location of the managed field trials and their Köppen-Geiger climate classifications.
Table 3.
AMMI analysis of variance of 30 Plantago genotypes for seed yield, mucilage yield and content.
Table 4.
Environmental means, IPCA1 score, first four AMMI genotype selections based on seed yield, mucilage yield and content.
Fig 1.
AMMI1 biplot for seed yield (g m-2) in 30 Plantago genotypes (P. major, G1- G7; P. officinalis, G8-G10; P. amplexicaulis, G11; P. ovata, G12-G16; P. psyllium, G17-G21; P. lanceolata, G22-G26; P. coronopus, G27- G28; P. lagopus, G29- G30) and 10 environments (E).
Köppen-Geiger climate classification [45] letter: B: arid, s: summer dry, k: cold arid.
Fig 2.
AMMI1 biplot for mucilage yield (g m-2) of 30 Plantago genotypes (P. major, G1- G7; P. officinalis, G8-G10; P. amplexicaulis, G11; P. ovata, G12-G16; P. psyllium, G17-G21; P. lanceolata, G22-G26; P. coronopus, G27- G28; P. lagopus, G29- G30) and 10 environments (E).
Köppen-Geiger climate classification [45] letter: B: arid, s: summer dry, k: cold arid.
Fig 3.
AMMI1 biplot for mucilage content (% of 100 g seed) of 30 Plantago genotypes P. major, G1- G7; P. officinalis, G8-G10; P. amplexicaulis, G11; P. ovata, G12-G16; P. psyllium, G17-G21; P. lanceolata, G22-G26; P. coronopus, G27- G28; P. lagopus, G29- G30) and 10 environments (E).
Köppen-Geiger climate classification [45] letter: B: arid, s: summer dry, k: cold arid.
Fig 4.
AMMI2 biplot for seed yield (g m-2) of 30 Plantago genotypes P. major, G1- G7; P. officinalis, G8-G10; P. amplexicaulis, G11; P. ovata, G12-G16; P. psyllium, G17-G21; P. lanceolata, G22-G26; P. coronopus, G27- G28; P. lagopus, G29- G30) and 10 environments (E).
Köppen-Geiger climate classification [45] letter: B: arid, s: summer dry, k: cold arid.
Fig 5.
AMMI2 Biplot for mucilage yield (g m-2) of 30 Plantago genotypes (P. major, G1- G7; P. officinalis, G8-G10; P. amplexicaulis, G11; P. ovata, G12-G16; P. psyllium, G17-G21; P. lanceolata, G22-G26; P. coronopus, G27- G28; P. lagopus, G29- G30) and 10 environments (E).
Köppen-Geiger climate classification [45] letter: B: arid, s: summer dry, k: cold arid.
Fig 6.
AMMI2 Biplot for mucilage content (per 100 g seeds) of 30 Plantago genotypes (P. major, G1- G7; P. officinalis, G8-G10; P. amplexicaulis, G11; P. ovata, G12-G16; P. psyllium, G17-G21; P. lanceolata, G22-G26; P. coronopus, G27- G28; P. lagopus, G29- G30) and 10 environments (E).
Köppen-Geiger climate classification [45] letter: B: arid, s: summer dry, k: cold arid.
Fig 7.
The which-won-where polygon view of the GGE biplot for seed yield of 30 Plantago genotypes (P. major, G1- G7; P. officinalis, G8-G10; P. amplexicaulis, G11; P. ovata, G12-G16; P. psyllium, G17-G21; P. lanceolata, G22-G26; P. coronopus, G27- G28; P. lagopus, G29- G30) under 10 environments (E) to show which genotype performed best in which environment and meaningful mega environment.
The perpendicular of the polygon facilitates the visualize comparison of distance between genotypes and environments. Different mega environments located in different biplot sectors, Köppen-Geiger climate classification [45] letter: B: arid, s: summer dry, k: cold arid.
Fig 8.
The which-won-where polygon view of the GGE biplot for mucilage yield of 30 Plantago genotypes (P. major, G1- G7; P. officinalis, G8-G10; P. amplexicaulis, G11; P. ovata, G12-G16; P. psyllium, G17-G21; P. lanceolata, G22-G26; P. coronopus, G27- G28; P. lagopus, G29- G30) under 10 environments (E) to show which genotypes performed best in which environment and meaningful mega environment.
The perpendicular of the polygon facilitates the visualize comparison of distance between genotypes and environments. Different mega environments located in different biplot sectors. Köppen-Geiger climate classification [45] letter: B: arid, s: summer dry, k: cold arid.
Fig 9.
The which-won-where polygon view of the GGE biplot for mucilage content of 30 Plantago genotypes (P. major, G1- G7; P. officinalis, G8-G10; P. amplexicaulis, G11; P. ovata, G12-G16; P. psyllium, G17-G21; P. lanceolata, G22-G26; P. coronopus, G27- G28; P. lagopus, G29- G30) under 10 environments (E) to show which genotypes performed best in which environment and meaningful mega environment.
The perpendicular of the polygon facilitates the visualize comparison of distance between genotypes and environments. Different mega environments located in different biplot sectors. Köppen-Geiger climate classification [45] letter: B: arid, s: summer dry, k: cold arid.
Fig 10.
The discrimination and representativeness view of the GGE biplot based on environment-focused scaling for seed yield of 30 Plantago genotypes (P. major, G1- G7; P. officinalis, G8-G10; P. amplexicaulis, G11; P. ovata, G12-G16; P. psyllium, G17-G21; P. lanceolata, G22-G26; P. coronopus, G27- G28; P. lagopus, G29- G30) under 10 environments (E) to rank test environments relative to an ideal test environments (represented by center of concentric circles).
Fig 11.
The discrimination and representativeness view of the GGE biplot based on environment-focused scaling for mucilage yield of 30 Plantago genotypes (P. major, G1- G7; P. officinalis, G8-G10; P. amplexicaulis, G11; P. ovata, G12-G16; P. psyllium, G17-G21; P. lanceolata, G22-G26; P. coronopus, G27- G28; P. lagopus, G29- G30) under 10 environments (E) to rank test environments relative to an ideal test environments (represented by center of concentric circles).
Fig 12.
The discrimination and representativeness view of the GGE biplot based on environment-focused scaling for mucilage content of 30 Plantago genotypes (P. major, G1- G7; P. officinalis, G8-G10; P. amplexicaulis, G11; P. ovata, G12-G16; P. psyllium, G17-G21; P. lanceolata, G22-G26; P. coronopus, G27- G28; P. lagopus, G29- G30) under 10 environments (E) to rank test environments relative to an ideal test environments (represented by center of concentric circles).
Table 5.
Mean, habitat mean, sum of interaction principal component (SIPC), AMMI Stability Value (ASV), performance (Pi) and mean rank of 30 Plantago genotypes for seed yield, mucilage yield and mucilage content.
Fig 13.
The average environment coordination (AEC) view of GGE biplot based on genotype-focused scaling for seed yield if 30 Plantago genotypes (P. major, G1- G7; P. officinalis, G8-G10; P. amplexicaulis, G11; P. ovata, G12-G16; P. psyllium, G17-G21; P. lanceolata, G22-G26; P. coronopus, G27- G28; P. lagopus, G29- G30) under 10 environments (E) to rank genotypes relative to an ideal genotype (The center of the concentric circles).
Köppen-Geiger climate classification [45] letter: B: arid, s: summer dry, k: cold arid.
Fig 14.
The average environment coordination (AEC) view of GGE biplot based on genotype-focused scaling for mucilage content of 30 Plantago genotypes (P. major, G1- G7; P. officinalis, G8-G10; P. amplexicaulis, G11; P. ovata, G12-G16; P. psyllium, G17-G21; P. lanceolata, G22-G26; P. coronopus, G27- G28; P. lagopus, G29- G30) under 10 environments (E) to rank genotypes relative to an ideal genotype (The center of the concentric circles).
Köppen-Geiger climate classification [45] letter: B: arid, s: summer dry, k: cold arid.
Fig 15.
The average environment coordination (AEC) view of GGE biplot based on genotype-focused scaling for mucilage content of 30 Plantago genotypes (P. major, G1- G7; P. officinalis, G8-G10; P. amplexicaulis, G11; P. ovata, G12-G16; P. psyllium, G17-G21; P. lanceolata, G22-G26; P. coronopus, G27- G28; P. lagopus, G29- G30) under 10 environments (E) to rank genotypes relative to an ideal genotype (The center of the concentric circles).
Köppen-Geiger climate classification [45] letter: B: arid, s: summer dry, k: cold arid.