Table 1.
Detection of carbapenemase alleles in clinical MDR-GNB isolates.
Table 2.
Clinical characteristics, prior antibiotic usage, and underlying conditions in 119 patients colonized or infected with carbapenem-resistant MDR-GNB.
Fig 1.
Distribution of MDR-GNB per hospital section.
Panel A: Departments, in which carbapenem-resistant MDR-GNB were isolated. Each affected patient was counted once per department. Panel B: Services that primarily cared for these patients. Each patient was counted once per service. A & E, accident and emergency; *excluding stem cell transplantation ward; **including hepatobiliary surgery.
Fig 2.
Examples of strain typing results using pulse-field gel electrophoresis.
Panels A and B: Identical PFGE patterns generated from carbapenem-resistant MDR Acinetobacter baumannii (five individual patients A1-A5, panel A) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (five individual patients K1-K5, panel B) highly suggestive of nosocomial transmission. Panel C: Identical PFGE patterns of carbapenem-susceptible (P1) and carbapenem-resistant (P2) MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from the same patient (blood culture and bronchioalveolar lavage, respectively) exemplifying acquisition of carbapenem-resistance under therapy. The time span between detection of the carbapenem-susceptible and carbapenem-resistant isolate was 21 days. Abbreviations: M, DNA Marker; C, unrelated clinical control isolate (same species, obtained outside the study period).
Fig 3.
Colistin minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for a) Klebsiella pneumoniae, b) Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and c) Acinetobacter baumannii isolates. Shown are non-duplicate isolates from individual patients. Dashed line: Clinical breakpoint according to EUCAST Breakpoint Table v.7.0 (MIC ≤ 2 mg/L, susceptible; MIC > 2 mg/L resistant).
Table 3.
Distribution, initiation of treatment and in-hospital mortality of patients colonized or infected with carbapenem-resistant MDR-GNB.
Table 4.
Clinical characteristics, microbiology data and outcome of patients treated with ceftolozane/tazobactam or ceftazidime/avibactam during the study period.