Fig 1.
Time series of photographs of eclosion of Ramosiana insignis nymphs.
Nymphs begin hatching from core brood (pink) eggs at 12.15 hrs on 10/13/2013 and immediately consume additional yellow-colored eggs on underside of a leaf of Schoepfia schreberi host plant over the following 2 hrs. Images dated 10/14/2013 and 10/20/2013 show presence of core brood at 1 day and 7 days post-hatching. Date format is mo/day/yr.
Fig 2.
Effect of female removal on proportion of core brood eggs (A) parasitized, (B) predated, (C) cannibalized and (D) average number of nymphs that emerged in each clutch. Values above columns indicate median (A, B) or mean (C, D) values. Values followed by identical letters did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). Vertical bars indicate interquartile range for median values and standard error for mean values.
Fig 3.
Effect of oviposition site selection (host tree vs. non-host vegetation) on (A) production of core brood and additional eggs, (B) proportion of core brood eggs parasitized, (C) production of offspring nymphs. Values above columns indicate mean (A, C) or median (B) values. Values followed by identical letters did not differ significantly (P > 0.05), except for letter marked with asterisk (*) in (A) which was marginally significant (P = 0.058). Vertical bars indicate interquartile range for median values and standard error for mean values.
Fig 4.
Nymph survival time for core brood that hatched from egg masses collected on (A) host plants or (B) non-host plants. Core brood were assigned to one of four treatments, with or without additional eggs and with or without flower buds as food. Points labeled with identical letters did not differ significantly (Weibull analysis, P>0.05). Vertical bars indicate 95% confidence internal.