Table 1.
Urine samples from patients infected with bacterial and fungal infections used in the study.
Fig 1.
The ICT strip system of T. marneffei.
(a) Cartoon of the components of the T. marneffei ICT strip. (b) A schematic diagram of the ICT strips for the detection of TM CYA antigen in urine. (A: Pre-run strip, B: Positive result, C: Negative result) WP, wicking pad; AP, analytical pad; SP, sample pad; CRP, conjugate releasing pad; C, control line; T, test line.
Fig 2.
MAb 4D1 similarly labels prepared T. marneffei cytoplasmic yeast antigens and proteins released into T. marneffei culture supernatants.
SDS-PAGE (A) and Western immunoblots (B) prepared with T. marneffei cytoplasmic mycelial antigen (TmM), yeast antigen (TmY) and the concentrated supernatants from day 7 (TmS1) and day 14 (TmS2) yeast cell cultures. MAb 4D1 was used in (B). The numbers on the left indicate relative molecular weights of markers (M).
Fig 3.
Determination of the limit of detection (LOD) of the ICT strip.
(A) By visual inspection and (B) by UVP visionWorks LS scanner. Urine samples from healthy individuals were spiked with the indicated concentrations in μg/ml of TM CYA. NC, urine from healthy individuals as negative control; C: control line, T: test line.
Fig 4.
The ICT system does not detect antigens from other common fungal pathogens.
Urine samples from healthy volunteers were spiked with TM CYA (PC), TM CMA, C. albicans (Ca), C. neoformans (Cn), P. insidiosum (Pi), H. capsulatum (Hc), Penicillium sp. (Ps), A. fumigatus (Af) at 50 μg/ml each. NC, normal urine negative control; C, control line; T: test line.