Fig 1.
Deliberately manipulated student gender ratio at each table in large active learning classrooms in Bruininks Hall at the University of Minnesota.
Yellow depicts the proportion of women we assigned to each table for the entirety of the fall 2016 semester: all women (100% women), women majority (75% women), gender parity (50% women), women minority (25% women), or all men (0% women). Image modified from the University of Minnesota office of classroom management (www.classroom.umn.edu).
Fig 2.
Relative course grade in relation to the gender ratio of classroom groups.
As the percent of females in each group increase, so does relative course grade regardless of gender.
Table 1.
Results of the statistical mixed effects models to explore how a) standardized classroom performance was influenced by student gender and the gender ratios in small groups, b) how students’ sense of belonging was affected by a students’ gender and the gender ratio of their small group, and how students’ final peer evaluation scores differ by the gender of the evaluator, the gender ratio of their small group, and if they are evaluating themselves or others in the c) full model, or a d) simpler model examining how female students evaluate their peers or e) themselves in relation to the group gender ratio.
Fig 3.
Students’ sense of social belonging in BIOL 1003 and 1050 classrooms.
There was no statistical difference between men and women. Gray points represent all data, while blue points represent the mean and standard error of the data.
Fig 4.
Average student evaluation scores per individual for themselves and others based on the gender of the evaluator.
Triangles are self-evaluations (dotted lines) and circles are evaluations of others (solid lines), while green symbols are evaluations given by females and yellow symbols are evaluations given by males. In general, women tend to evaluate their colleagues higher as the percent of women in each group increases, but this is not true for men. In general, women tend to score more harshly than men, and everyone scores themselves higher than they score others.