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Table 1.

Physicochemical characterization of F-MWCNTs.

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Table 1 Expand

Fig 1.

Adsorption isotherms of lead onto F-MWCNTs in (A) 0.01M NaNO3 and (B) 10-time diluted M4 medium. Error bars represent the standard deviation.

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Fig 1 Expand

Fig 2.

XPS spectra of adsorbent.

(A) O1s of C-MWCNT, (B) O1s of C-MWCNT after lead adsorption, (C) O1s of N-MWCNT, (D) O1s of N-MWCNT after lead adsorption, (E) N1s of N-MWCNT, (F) N1s of N-MWCNT after lead adsorption.

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Fig 2 Expand

Fig 3.

Proposed adsorption mechanisms between lead and F-MWCNTs.

(A) C-MWCNT and (B) N-MWCNT.

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Fig 3 Expand

Fig 4.

Effect of (A) C-MWCNT and (B) N-MWCNT on lead toxicity to D. magna. Error bars represent the standard deviation.

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Fig 4 Expand

Table 2.

Effect of C-MWCNT and N-MWCNT on LC50 (48 h) values and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) of lead.

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Table 2 Expand

Fig 5.

Effect of (A) C-MWCNT and (B) N-MWCNT on bioaccumulation of lead in D. magna. Error bars represent the standard deviation.

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Fig 5 Expand

Table 3.

Elimination kinetic indices of lead in D. magna.

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Table 3 Expand