Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics and main study variables of the overall sample (N = 2,401) and by zygosity.
Table 2.
Phenotypic correlations between the main study variables (N = 2,401).
Fig 1.
Path diagram of the best fitting AE Cholesky model depicting the sources of covariance between helplessness, rumination, and magnification of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale.
The variance and covariance of the monozygotic and dizygotic female twin pairs was decomposed into additive genetic (A1-A3) and unshared environmental (E1-E3) factors. Standardized factor loadings with 95% confidence interval are displayed. Squaring the loadings and multiplying them by 100 results in the phenotypic variance explained by the specific factor.
Table 3.
Results of the model comparison for the three subdomains of pain catastrophizing (helplessness, magnification, rumination).
Table 4.
Genetic and environmental correlations across the three PCS subdomains, as well as for pain catastrophizing, neuroticism, anxiety sensitivity, and fear of pain.
Fig 2.
Path diagram of the best fitting AE Cholesky model depicting the sources of additive genetic variance and covariance (A1-A3) between neuroticism, anxiety sensitivity, fear of pain, and pain catastrophizing.
Standardized factor loadings with 95% confidence interval are displayed. Squaring the loadings and multiplying them by 100 results in the phenotypic variance explained by the specific additive genetic factor.
Fig 3.
Path diagram of the best fitting AE Cholesky model depicting the sources of environmental variance and covariance (E1-E3) between neuroticism, anxiety sensitivity, fear of pain, and pain catastrophizing.
Standardized factor loadings with 95% confidence interval are displayed. Squaring the loadings and multiplying them by 100 results in the phenotypic variance explained by the specific environmental factor.
Table 5.
Results of the model comparison for pain catastrophizing, neuroticism, anxiety sensitivity, and fear of pain among the full ADE Cholesky model and the sub-models.