Table 1.
Collecting sites description.
Fig 1.
Assignment of 187 individuals to genetic clusters identified by STRUCTURE analysis, for K = 3 to 15, using 18,397 SNP.
Fig 2.
Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) analysis.
(A) scatter plot shows genetic patterns of SNP data. The scree plots of eigenvalues (inset) indicates eigenvalues of discriminant analysis and the amount of variation contained in the different principal components (B); bar plot showing the probabilities of assignment of individuals to K = 17 genetic DAPC clusters. Arrows show clusters that are more differentiated according discriminant analysis scatter plot from other clusters and connect them with barplot.
Fig 3.
Phylogenetic network analysis calculated for DARTseq dataset containing 18,397 SNPs (NA < 5%) using neighbor-net method in SplitsTree4.
Fig 4.
Boxplot for expected heterozygosity (Hexp) in population computed for polymorphic loci.
Lines in boxes indicates median. Bottom and top of boxes indicate I. and III. quartiles of dataset, whiskers indicate range of data but maximally 1.5 times higher than high of box. Remaining points are outliers. The boxes are drawn with widths proportional to the square-roots of the number of polymorphic loci in the populations.
Fig 5.
Spatial principal component analysis.
Colour and size of square correlate with a score of entities in space that summarize the genetic diversity and reveal spatial structures. Positive values are represented by black squares; negative values are represented by white squares; the size of the square is proportional to the absolute value of sPC scores. Large black squares are well differentiated from large white squares, while small squares are less differentiated (Jombart et al. 2008). Background map is from public domain source: OpenStreetMap and contributors, available under CC-BY-SA license, downloaded at http://www.openstreetmap.org/”,.
Fig 6.
Selfing rate estimation by identity disequilibrium analysis.
Black lines are value of g2 that expresses level of Identity Disequilibrium with 95% confident intervals computed using 100 bootstraps. Red bars show estimation of selfing rate based on g2 values.
Fig 7.
A) Principal component analysis of environmental data at studied sites. Geographic coordinates and elevation were correlated with the first two principal components after the analysis. First two axes explain 61% of total variation (1. axis: 39%, 2. axis: 22%). (B) Relationship between pairwise environmental and geographic distances. (C) Relationship between Fst distances and geographic and (D) environmental pairwise distances. Explanations: Bio_1 = Annual Mean Temperature, Bio_2 = Mean Diurnal Range (Mean of monthly (max temp—min temp)), Bio_3 = Isothermality (Bio_2/Bio_7), Bio_4 = Temperature Seasonality (standard deviation), Bio_5 = Max Temperature of Warmest Month, Bio_6 = Min Temperature of Coldest Month, BIO7 = Temperature Annual Range (Bio_5–Bio_6), Bio_88 = Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter, Bio_9 = Mean Temperature of Driest Quarter, Bio_100 = Mean Temperature of Warmest Quarter, Bio_11 = Mean Temperature of Coldest Quarter, Bio_12 = Annual Precipitation, Bio_13 = Precipitation of Wettest Month, Bio_14 = Precipitation of Driest Month, Bio_15 = Precipitation Seasonality (Coefficient of Variation), Bio_16 = Precipitation of Wettest Quarter, Bio_17 = Precipitation of Driest Quarter, Bio_18 = Precipitation of Warmest Quarter, Bio_19 = Precipitation of Coldest Quarter, CTI = Compound Topographic Index, HLI = Heat load index, IMI = Integrated Moisture Index, SEI = Site Exposure Index. For explanations see Methods and Fick and Hijmans (2017).
Fig 8.
A) Predicted potential distribution of the populations of P. sativum subsp. elatius in the northern part of Fertile Crescent based on the climatic niche modelling results. Colder colours (bard blue equals 0) correspond to lower probabilities of occurrence, while warmer colours (red colour equals to 1) correspond to higher probabilities of occurrence (created with MaxEnt 3.3.3k). White squares represent the occurrence points that were used in the model. B) Projected potential distribution of the populations of P. sativum subsp. elatius in the northern part of Fertile Crescent based on the climatic niche modelling results for the year 2070. Colder colours correspond to lower probabilities of occurrence, while warmer colours correspond to higher probabilities of occurrence (created with MaxEnt 3.3.3k). White squares represent the occurrence points that were used in the model. The country borders plotting was created with R 3.2.2., the package rworldmap, distributed under a GPL-2 licence. Data of country borders are from Natural Earth data v 1.4.0, which are public domain.