Fig 1.
Geographical setting of the new amynodontid localities in Eastern Europe.
A: Morlaca (Romania), Priabonian. B: Dobârca (Romania), Priabonian-Rupelian. C: Dorog (Hungary), late Lutetian-Bartonian.
Table 1.
List of taxa included in the phylogenetic analysis and their coding sources.
Fig 2.
Skull of Sellamynodon zimborensis (holotype, UBB MPS 15795), a Late Eocene-Early Oligocene amynodontid from Dobârca (Romania).
Dorsal (A), ventral (B), lateral (C) and occipital (D) views. Skull and associated mandible in lateral view (E). Abbreviations: bc, braincase; boc, basioccipital crest; caf, caudal alar foramen; eap, external auditory pseudomeatus; fm, foramen magnum; fs?, frontals suture?; Fw, frontal width; gf, glenoid fossa; hf, hypoglossal foramen; j, jugal; j-sq, jugal-squamosal suture; jf, jugular foramen; nc, nuchal crest; nt, nuchal tubercle; o, orbit; oc, occipital condyle; of, oval foramen; pf, piriform fenestra; popf, postorbital process of the frontal; popj, postorbital process of the jugal; pp, postglenoid process; ptp, posttympanic process; rs, retromolar space; sc, sagittal crest; smf, stylomastoid foramen; sof, supraorbital foramen; sq, squamosal; tf, temporal fossa; za, zygomatic arch; Zw, zygomatic width.
Fig 3.
3D model in orthographic projection of UBB MPS 15795, holotype of Sellamynodon zimborensis.
Dorsal (A), ventral (B), occipital (C) and lateral (D) views of the skull. Mandible in lateral view (E). 3D models are available at MorphoMuseuM.com [35] along with other specimens described in this publication.
Fig 4.
Mandible of Sellamynodon zimborensis (holotype, UBB MPS 15795).
Occlusal (A) and lateral (B) views.
Fig 5.
Dentition of UBB MPS 15795, holotype of Sellamynodon zimborensis.
A: Left M3 in occlusal view. B-C: Left lower cheek teeth (p3-m3) in occlusal (B) and lingual (C) views.
Table 2.
Measurements (in mm) of the dentition of UBB MPS 15795, holotype of Sellamynodon zimborensis.
Fig 6.
Amynodontopsis aff. bodei from Morlaca (Late Eocene; Romania).
Right maxillary (UBB MPS V545) with M1-3 in labial (A), occlusal (B) and lingual (C) views. D: Right mandibular fragment from Morlaca (UBB MPS V546) with m1/2, in labial view. E: Lower right m1/2 from Morlaca (UBB MPS V546) in labial view. F: Lower right m1/2 from Morlaca (UBB MPS V546) in occlusal view.
Fig 7.
Amynodontopsis aff. bodei from Dorog (late Middle Eocene; Hungary).
A-B: Right maxillary fragment (HNHM PAL 2017.54.1) with upper M2-3 in labial (A) and occlusal (B) views.
Table 3.
Measurements (in mm) of the dentition of UBB MPS V545, UBB MPS V546 and HNHM PAL 2017.54.1, referred to Amynodontopsis aff. bodei.
Fig 8.
The single most parsimonious tree and the distribution of rhinocerotoids (excluding uninformative characters), scaled in time.
Tree length = 825, CI = 0.30, HI = 0.70, RI = 0.51 and RC = 0.15. Taxa ages based on literature as listed in Table 1. Thick bars represent temporal and spatial distribution of taxa and thick bars with dashed lines have uncertain ages. Geological time scale produced with TSCreator [103]. Numbers at nodes are Bremer support values.
Fig 9.
Distribution maps of Amynodontidae and palaeogeographical map reconstructions in Eurasia.
Middle to Late Eocene (A) and Oligocene (B) fossil localities bearing amynodontids. See Table 4 for symbols and colours explanations as well as localities and occurrences references. Palaeogeographical map reconstructions during the Late Eocene (C) and Early Oligocene (D) modified from Ron Blakey (jan.ucc.nau.edu/rcb7/mollglobe.html).
Table 4.
List of occurrences of Cadurcotherium, Amynodontopsis and other genera of Amynodontidae in Eurasia, range from Middle Eocene to Late Oligocene.