Table 1.
Infant and Maternal Characteristics at six and nine months*.
Fig 1.
Median LAZ, WLZ and WAZ scores in Pakistani infants over 18 months of follow-up.
Dashed lines show q1 and q3 quartiles. Abbreviations: LAZ = Length-for-Age Z score, WLZ = Weight-for-Length Z score and WAZ = Weight-for-Age Z score.
Fig 2.
Anti-Flagellin and anti-LPS immunoglobulin concentrations in Pakistani infants.
Closed shapes indicate means±SDs in Pakistani infants over the follow-up period. Open shapes indicate means±SDs values in 36 healthy Boston infants with a mean age of 9.5 months. n = 380 for all immunoglobulins in Pakistani infants at 6 and 9 months of age; n = 36 for all immunoglobulins in Boston infants at 9.5 months of age. **** p< 0.0001, ** p< 0.01 and * p< 0.05 for comparisons of mean biomarker concentrations in Pakistani infants with those of healthy Boston infants (unpaired t tests).
Table 2.
Correlation coefficient matrix of immunoglobulins to flagellin and lipolysaccharide with measures of systemic inflammation and enteric inflammation & regeneration.
Table 3.
The association of anti-flagellin and anti-lipopolysaccharide immunoglobulin concentrations at 6 and 9 months with annual Z score changes for length using linear mixed effects models.