Table 1.
Demographic and clinical description of the appendicitis and control patient cohorts.
Fig 1.
Three-dimensional PCA-X score scatter plots of pediatric patients with and without appendicitis using (a) metabolic profile and (b) inflammatory mediator profile and (c) integrated metabolic and inflammatory mediator profile, based on three principle components- PC1, PC2 and PC3. Red tetrahedrons represent the pediatric appendicitis patients and black tetrahedrons represent the pediatric control patients.
Fig 2.
OPLS-DA score scatter plots distinguishing pediatric appendicitis patients from pediatric control patients using (a) metabolic profile (R2Y = 0.74, Q2 = 0.54), (b) inflammatory mediator profile (R2Y = 0.75, Q2 = 0.63), and (c) integrated metabolic and inflammatory mediator profile (R2Y = 0.69, Q2 = 0.67). Red diamonds represent the pediatric appendicitis patients and black diamonds represent the pediatric control patients.
Table 2.
Summary statistics from OPLS-DA models differentiating pediatric patients with and without appendicitis.
Fig 3.
The regression coefficient plots for the statistically significant (p <0.05) metabolites and inflammatory mediators distinguishing children with and without appendicitis.
Red bars with positive coefficient values represent increased concentrations in the appendicitis samples, and black bars with negative values represent reduced concentration in the appendicitis patients, compared with control samples. Abbreviations: PC-Phosphatidylcholine, SAA-Serum amyloid A, CRP-C-reactive protein, HGF-Hepatocyte growth factor, IL-16-Interleukin-16, and TRAIL-Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand.
Table 3.
List of the most significant metabolites and inflammatory protein mediators identified in children with appendicitis.
Table 4.
Comparison of R2Y and Q2 values calculated for the OPLS-DA models with and without excluding the outliers.