Fig 1.
Design of the field experiment representing grids of lettuce and the flower resource Mexican marigold (T. erecta).
Table 1.
Food web parameters evaluated in the experiment.
Fig 2.
The arthropod food web associated with lettuce plants during the pre-flowering stage of T. erecta.
The width of the black, gray and white horizontal bars shows log10 body mass (mg), log10 numerical abundance (individuals/m2) and log10 biomass abundance (mg/m2). Solid lines represent direct consumption interaction. Dotted line represents presence, but without direct consumption of living tissues. Species numbers are identified in Table 2. The vertical position indicates trophic level. Horizontal position is arbitrary. Isolated species, cannibalism or loops are ignored.
Fig 3.
The arthropod food web associated with lettuce plants during the flowering stage of T. erecta.
The width of the black, gray and white horizontal bars shows log10 body mass (mg), log10 numerical abundance (individuals/m2) and log10 biomass abundance (mg/m2). Solid lines represent direct consumption interaction. Dotted line represents presence, but without direct consumption of living tissues. Species numbers are identified in Table 2. The vertical position indicates trophic level. Horizontal position is arbitrary. Isolated species, cannibalism or loops are ignored.
Fig 4.
The arthropod food web associated with lettuce plants during the late flowering stage of T. erecta.
The width of the black, gray and white horizontal bars shows log10 body mass (mg), log10 numerical abundance (individuals/m2) and log10 biomass abundance (mg/m2). Solid lines represent direct consumption interaction. Dotted line represents presence, but without direct consumption of living tissues. Species numbers are identified in Table 2. The vertical position indicates trophic level. Horizontal position is arbitrary. Isolated species, cannibalism or loops are ignored.
Table 2.
Average body mass (M; mg), numerical abundance (N; individuals/m2 of crop), biomass abundance (B; mg/m2 of crop) and connectivity status of arthropods registered in lettuce plants during different development stages of the floral resource Tagetes erecta.
Table 3.
Values of food web descriptors for the arthropod food web associated with lettuce plants during the three development stages of the floral resource Tagete erecta.
Fig 5.
Distribution of empirical and simulated numerical abundance (individuals/m2), body mass (mg) and biomass abundance (mg/m2) through trophic height in function of the number of T. erecta flowers in field (number of flowers/spot).
The color-graded scale at the right of each plot represents the level of either abundance (a,b), body size (c,d), or biomass (e,f) distribution of the lettuce-associated arthropods. The lowest to the highest levels are represented by the transition from dark blue to dark red respectively.