Fig 1.
Annual Dzanga demography and population trend from 1997 to 2010.
Net inflows (births, dark blue; immigration, light blue) were higher than net losses (death, dark brown; dispersal, light brown) in most years.
Fig 2.
Seasonality of conception collected from 421 calves conceived between 1991 and 2007 (back calculated from birth assuming a gestation of 22 months).
Lines indicate the 95% confidence intervals on the median value.
Table 1.
Model results for evaluating influences on inter-birth interval in forest elephants.
Fig 3.
Female (blue) and male (red) survivorship through the first 20 years of age, estimated using cohort analyses of offspring with age accuracy of 3 months or better.
Shaded areas are the point-wise 95% confidence interval on the survival probability.
Fig 4.
Female (green) and male (red) survivorship in the Dzanga population (shaded areas show point-level 95% CI).
Females were generally twice as likely to survive to a given age as were males.
Fig 5.
Age-specific fecundity in two populations.
Dzanga (black curves): 5-yr smoothed curve (solid) and actual values (dashed). Samburu Kenya (purple curve): 5-yr smoothed curve [11].
Fig 6.
Female reproductive value.