Fig 1.
Geographical distribution of wild barley samples across the collection sites in Turkey.
G1-E and G1-W are indicated by light blue circles and dark blue squares, respectively, showing the wild barley populations belonging to two groups inferred by STRUCTURE at K = 2 with a membership coefficient of ≥70%. Admixtures are shown using red triangles.
Table 1.
Marker information and diversity statistics analyzed separately for the whole collection and for the wild and domesticated barley separately.
Chr: Chromosome; FR: Fragment range; NA: Number of alleles; MAF: Major allele frequency; PIC: Polymorphism information content; GD: Gene diversity; D: Domesticated; W: Wild; All: All accessions.
Fig 2.
Population structure of wild and domesticated barley populations at K = 2 and K = 3 for the entire collection (L1): Comparison of the STRUCTURE results at K = 2 and K = 3.
At K = 2, the blue color represents wild barley and green color represents domesticated barley varieties. At K = 3, the wild barley populations were subdivided into two groups, G1-E and G1-W, which are shown in light and dark blue, respectively. At K = 3, the domesticated varieties (in green) were grouped similarly to what was observed at K = 2. Assignment of individuals to each group was based on their membership coefficient (Q).
Fig 3.
A scatter plot of the first and second PCoA coordinates based on the grouping of barley individuals at K = 2 and K = 3 inferred by STRUCTURE.
Table 2.
The results of the simple and partial Mantel tests demonstrating the correlation between genetic (Gen), geographic (Geo), and environmental (Env) distances for the wild barley samples from Turkey.
Table 3.
Partitioning of genetic variation of wild barley accessions using simple and partial redundancy analysis.
Table 4.
Associations between EST-SSR marker loci and bioclimatic variables using LFMM based on -Log10 of adjusted p-values, and candidate genes related to these markers based on the latest barley genome sequences in the IPK gene bank.