Fig 1.
The map shows the location of the 4 sites discussed in this study (white) as well as some of the main archaeological sites pertaining to the Indus Civilisation.
Table 1.
Summary of the samples analysed, indicating number of samples of each context and proxy at the four sites, and the main quantitative data.
*density at Harappa is inferred from indirect data on quantity of soil floated derived from Steve Weber’s work on macroremains [62–63].
Table 2.
Wood species mentioned in the text with ubiquity test scores for each site according to floras of South Asia [43, 78].
Fig 2.
Pie charts summarising the results of the anthracological analyses.
The charts represent the proportion of different types of vegetation exploited at the 4 study-sites divided by context-type.
Fig 3.
Pie charts summarising the results of the phytolith analyses.
The charts represent the proportion of different phytoliths groups identified at the 4 study-sites divided by context-type.
Fig 4.
PCA biplots of multi-chemical analyses.
The plots show the results of PCA analyses on multi-chemical data: a) Harappa, b) Kanmer, c) Shikarpur and d) Alamgirpur.
Fig 5.
Correspondence analysis biplot.
The plot shows the association between site/context and the type of wood charcoal or phytolith categories that most characterize them.