Fig 1.
Majority-rule consensus tree from Bayesian analysis (BI) based on concatenate of Cox1 and CytB fragments.
Posterior probabilities (PP; left number) and bootstraps from maximum likelihood (ML) analysis (BS; right number) are provided for main splits and clades with identical topology in the two inference methods. Asterisks mark a fully supported branch in both analyses. In nodes with conflict topology (BI vs. ML) only PP values are provided. Red colored branches indicate low support value (PP < 0.95, BS < 75). Main splits are marked with Roman numbers (I—VII). Color symbols and shadowing reflects the species identity according to the current taxonomic opinion, see legend on the left side of the figure. Identified clades (MOTUs) are marked with Arabic numbers on the colored sidebar next to the tree. The other six sidebars represent the results of PTP, ABGD and TCS analyses for each gene. A map with localities of all vouchers is attached in bottom left corner of the figure (“?” = exact voucher locality in specific region is not available).
Table 1.
Mean average genetic distances inside and between main phylogenetic clades and subclades specified in Fig 1.
Fig 2.
Neighbor-joining network computed in SplitsTree.
Results of statistical parsimony analysis calculated in TCS software are highlighted using filled ellipses with taxon-specific color and symbols with captions of MOTUs (both analyses based on the concatenate of Cox1 and CytB fragment).
Fig 3.
Detailed structure of statistical parsimony networks compute in TCS using the concatenate of Cox1 and CytB fragment for clade 4, 5 and 6.
The same symbols and captions as in Figs 1 and 2. The map shows a distribution of vouchers included in the calculated networks and their clusters.
Fig 4.
Time-calibrated phylogram calculated in BEAST using the Cox1 dataset.
Numbers on nodes are estimated dates of diversification with resulting confidence intervals (blue bars). Posterior probabilities (PP) resulting from Bayesian inference analyses are marked with an asterisk (PP = 1.00) for the main splits. Red colored branches indicate low support value (PP < 0.95).
Fig 5.
Six morphological characters mapped on the phylogenetic tree from Fig 1, along with the legends for each tree.
Upper row from left: shine of the dorsal body face, ventral macrosetation and color of the pronotum. Lower row from left: white markings on elytra, white markings on the “knees” and punctation coarseness on the meso-metaventral (MMV) protrusion. Consistency index (CI) and retention index (RI) are shown for each tree.
Fig 6.
Morphometric shape analysis of the partial analysis of meso-metaventral protrusions (MMV; colored inset).
A) Scatter plot based on the relative warp scores, with group members corresponding to the clades identified by the molecular tree in Fig 1. Insets represent variation in thin-plate spline (TPS) transformation grids of MMV for selected specimens. B—C) CVA plots with groups according to clades 4, 5 and 6 (B), and according to the currently recognized taxonomic units (C).
Fig 7.
Male genitalia of voucher specimens included in the analyses.
Three taxa marked with an asterisk (specimens with identical collecting area and date–P. hypocrita, P. cuprea olivacea or at least from the same population (Cyprus)–P. cuprea ikonomovi).
Table 2.
Amount of variability explained by the first three eigenaxes identified by relative warps analysis.